Civil War Report

On January 26, 1863 General Joseph Hooker was appointed the commander of the Army of the Potomac. General Hooker wanted to attack General Lee’s army while a large portion of his troops were engaged at the town of Fredericksburg. He commanded an army that was almost twice the size of Lee’s forces. Hooker then moved the Union forces toward the town of Chancellorsville and had his men set up in defensive positions just outside the town. When General Lee learned of this he moved a portion of his men to assault Hooker and his army. When he arrived, Lee split his men in order to attack from different locations and General Stonewall Jackson commander of the cavalry moved his men to an exposed section of the Union defense and exploited it. On May 3 the fighting was so fierce that it caused General Hooker to withdraw his men and move them to the other side of the river that was nearby. This is when General Lee learned of federal troops gaining the advantage

The second phase of the Battle of Shiloh starts as reinforcements from General Buell’s Army of the Ohio and a unit of Grant’s own reserve division joined the Union Army now positioned at Pittsburg Landing. These reinforcements added over 22,500 men to the Union lines13 bringing the total number of Union forces to over 45,000, which is more than they had on 6 April, the first day of fighting.14 On April 7, General Grant renewed the fighting with an aggressive counteract.15 Greatly outnumbered (Confederate forces now around 25,000) and disorganized the Confederate forces now under General Beauregard fought hard but eventually had to retreat to back Corinth.16 The second phase of the Battle of Shiloh was won by General Grant and his Union forces due to two main reasons. The first, Union troop numbers greatly outnumbered their enemy, over 45,000 to 25,000 respectively. And secondly, the reinforcements received by General Grant had not fought the day before and were fresh and excited to fight, unlike the exhausted remaining Confederate troops.17 This was the bloodiest battle fought on American soil up to that point, with 23,746 casualties (Union: 13,047; Confederate: 10,699).18 The Union lost more men but claimed the victory because the Confederate Army retreated back to Corinth, Mississippi.

The people fighting in this war included the Confederates and the Union, like most battles during the U.S. Civil War. The battle took place around 10 miles northeast of Richmond, Virginia. Richmond is the Confederates capital so this area was somewhat familiar to them, which is a benefit.

The Union had two corps led by general Sherman and McPherson at first the battle was only light fighting because of heavy rain at the time but at 11 a.m. and pushed the Confederates back out of Jackson. The loss of the state’s capital was a cause for loss of morale for the defenders at Vicksburg. The union army marched on the Jackson road towards Vicksburg and attack Pemberton’s force on its left. Pemberton then moved his troops on top of Champion Hill. The attack started at about 11:30 a.m. and quickly took the hill and caused the Confederates to retreat to Vicksburg. The retreat got to the Big Black River on May 17 and Pemberton orders three brigades to defend it. The large Union Army quickly caused a retreat and the Confederates set fire to the only two bridges at the site letting the defenses at Vicksburg get more prepared.

On April 6, 1862 General Albert Sidney Johnston of the Confederacy attacked the Pittsburg Landing over by the Tennessee River. There were many important events that took place during this battle like that of the Hornet’s Nest and many others. Many men died in this conflict on both sides.

There were many battles that took place in the short four-year time span of the Civil War. After each battle was over, the north and the south both planned different ways where they could attack and be more successful. It was pretty much an ongoing blood bath until the final white flag was thrown. At the very beginning, during the time when states were recessing and trying to figure out if they belong in the confederate states or in the north, one could say that when Lincoln’s election was an impact on

The battle of Spotsylvania was a really bloody. The Union Army of the Potomac consisted of 100,000 soldiers led by generals Ulysses S. Grant and George Meade. The Confederate Army of Virginia was nearly half the size with only 52,000 soldiers. They were led by General Robert E. Lee. General Grant began the campaign in early May, marching his army into Virginia. The Confederates dug in and waited for the Union to attack. Grant's army attacked several times over the next few days. On May 12, Grant massed his soldiers for a major attack on the center of the Confederate line. They smashed through the line and split the Confederate Army down the middle. However, the Confederates didn't give up. They fought really hard and managed to hold off the

Johnston hoped to defeat Grant's army before the anticipated arrival of General Buell's Army of the Ohio. The Confederate battle lines became confused during the fierce fighting, and Grant's men instead fell back to the northeast, in the direction of Pittsburg Landing. A Union position on a slightly sunken road, nicknamed the "Hornet's Nest," defended by the men of Brig. Gens. Benjamin Prentiss's and William H. L. Wallace's divisions, provided critical time for the remainder of the Union line to stabilize under the protection of numerous artillery batteries. Wallace was mortally wounded when the position collapsed, while several regiments from the two divisions were eventually surrounded and surrendered. General Johnston was shot in the leg and bled to death while personally leading an attack. Beauregard, his second in command, acknowledged how tired the army was from the day's exertions and decided against assaulting the final Union position that

The Civil war began at Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861. However, the Civil War did not really start to amp up until the First Battle of Bull Run or also know as the first Battle of Manassas. The battle was fought just miles from Washington D.C., on July 21, 1861. At a place near Manassas Junction, Virginia. The battle began when about 35,000 Union soldiers marched from Washington D.C. to fight a confederate force of 20,000 along a small river called Bull Run. The goal of the Union army was to make quick work of the Confederate Army, make way to Richmond, the Confederate capital, and end the war.

Grant moved his army cautiously into enemy territory in Tennessee, in what later was one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War, known as the Battle of Shiloh. (bio.) Confederate commanders Albert Sidney Johnston and P.G.T. Beauregard ran a shock attack against Grant's forces, known as the "Hornets' Nest" during the first wave of assault. General Johnston was wounded, second-in-command, General Beauregard, decided alongside a night assault on Grant's forces. Reinforcement finally arrived, and that’s when Grant was able to overthrow the Confederates on the second day of battle. The Battle of Shiloh was proven to be a turning point for the American military and almost a disaster for Grant. However he was supported by President Abraham Lincoln, Grant was faced with heavy disapproval from members of Congress and the military brass for the high losses. His replacement was led by the war department

The Seven Days Campaign of 1862 was a sequence of battles that took place along the Virginia Peninsula east of Richmond, between the Union Army of the Potomac and the Confederate Virginia Army from 26 June through 2 July. The campaign consisted of the following six battles: Mechanicsville, Gaines ' Mill, and Savage Station, engagement at Oak Swamp Bridge, and battles of Frazier 's Farm and Malvern Hill over a seven-day period. Major General George B. McClellan led the Union Army of nearly 104,000 soldiers, while the newly appointed commander, General Robert Edward Lee led the Confederate Army of nearly 92,000 soldiers during this campaign. General Lee’s major objective was to protect and defend the City of Richmond against the Union Army. General Lee’s usage of the mission command principles and battlefield management during the Seven Days Campaign secured a quick and significant victory for the Army of Northern Virginia, and drove the Major General McClellan Union troops to retreat down the Virginia Peninsula. His ability to build a cohesive team through mutual trust, provide a clear commander’s intent, create shared understanding, and accept prudent risk led to the successful defense of Richmond. General Lee’s triumph in those seven days remains among the most important battles in the Army of Northern Virginia’s history as it served as a turning point in the Civil War.

The Battle of Shiloh took place on April 6ththrough the 7th in 1862 in the southwestern Tennessee region. The Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston, commander of the confederate forces in the Western Theater wanted to defeat the Union Major General Grant’s army before it could be reinforced by Major General Don Carlos Buell’s Army of Ohio which was marching from Nashville. Confederate General Johnston ordered a surprise attack on Grant’s encampment which was located close to Shiloh Church. Johnston’s troops caught Grant’s men by surprise and deftly drove the Union soldiers back toward their defensive perimeter on the heights above Pittsburg Landing on the Tennessee River. However, unfortunately for the Confederacy, Johnston was critically

Around noon, Union and Confederate cavalry troops battled three miles east of Gettysburg but Stuart was eventually repulsed by cannon fire led in part by Gen. George Custer and the Union Cavalry. The diversion attempt failed. Back at the main battle site, just after 1 p.m. about 170 Confederate cannons opened fire on the Union position on Cemetery Ridge to pave the way for the Rebel Charge. This was the heaviest artillery barrage of the war. The Federals returned heavy cannon fire and soon the battlefield was covered in smoke and dust. Around 2:30 p.m. the Federals slowed their rate of fire, then stopped firing, to conserve ammunition and to fool the Rebels into thinking the cannons were knocked out-and that's exactly what the Rebels thought too. But as the Rebels got within range, Federal cannons opened fire using grapeshot which is a shell containing iron balls that flew apart when fired, and they also used deadly waves of rifle fire. Soon the Rebel army was torn apart but they still moved forward. Pickett’s charge was almost more after the once majestic army of 13,000 had its numbers of troops dwindle.. The Rebels still move forward, shooting then charging with bayonets. The battle lasted for about an hour mostly of hand-to-hand combat. Finally what was left of Pickett’s charge (5,500) retreated. Lee admitted this was his mistake and the tide of war now turned in the North’s favor. The Union lost (either dead, wounded, or missing) about 23,000, and the Confederates lost about

The Civil War was a historic war in American history, that led to many events that have changed our nation. The north and south lived different lives and had different

The battles of Philippi remain one of the best examples of how audacity on the battlefield can influence history. The battles are the climax of the civil war following the assassination of Gaius Julius Caesar in 44 BCE by a band of prominent political figures of Rome; (led by Marcus Junius Brutus (Brutus) and Gaius Cassius Longina (Cassius)) who will be referred to in this paper as ‘the Liberators’. The Battles that occurred on the Macedonian plains from the 1st-21st of October 42 BCE will clearly show that no matter the period of history the battlefield considerations of Political, Military, Economic, Social, and Physical Environment can be exploited to achieve victory.