The Climate Change Report From The National Academy Of Sciences And The Royal Society

During the Silurian period, approximately 420 million years ago the rock bed central New York sits on was formed. In comparison the soils in the area only date 12 to 14 thousand years back in comparison. This resulted because archeological evidence shows that the Tully Valley as we know it today used to be underwater 500-300million years ago (Baldauf, 2003). One effect of this is there are a lot of trapped salt minerals that built up over the years and lithified to become rock. During the last glacial event about 8,000 years ago Tully was cut into the “U” shaped valley we recognize today. After the warming event and the ice receded moraines and kames, glacial land forms became visible in the till left in the valley. The Tully was a lake for a while similar to the Finger Lakes running north to south (Baldauf, 2003). Contrarily to the Finger Lakes the Tully Valley sits higher above sea level and it eventually drained. Today only two main creeks are the only remaining water in the valley, Rainbow, and Rattle Snake which flow along the 1200ft incline.

Global climate change is more than just raising the concentration of GHG’s in the atmosphere, it’s a serious health threat. Dr. Howard Koh, of the Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, has stated that global warming is a threat to human health because of an increase in respiratory and allergy aggravation,

Exercise Lab 1. How much does temperature vary in large and small aquatic environments? Lab 2. What determines the water clarity of lakes, rivers and oceans? Lab 3. Where does the phosphorus go? Lab 4. How does human activity in watersheds affect the quality of lakes and rivers? Lab 5. Are the Great Lakes being influenced by the global greenhouse effect? Lab 6. How is the flow of the Red Cedar River influenced by the weather? Lab 7. What is the relationship between flow and turbidity in the Red Cedar River? Page 2 4 6 8 12 15 18

The Niagara Escarpment AVA is a relatively new viticulture designated area. The area received the designation in 2005 and is now one of the fastest growing wine regions in New York State. This AVA is comprised of a portion of the Niagara Escarpment landform that runs from New York State through Canada into Wisconsin. (Fig. A) The escarpment has formed over time due to erosion of the rock layers. The top rock layer, dolomitic limestone, is more weather resistant causing it to erode slower and creating the escarpment landform.

Scientists establish that current climate change is not part of Earth’s natural cycle by stacking contributing factors—such as orbital changes and volcanic activity—and greenhouse gas emissions next to observed temperature patterns. The line graph created clearly shows that greenhouse gasses are to be held accountable for rising temperatures. But some wonder if one degree makes that big a difference. It does. According to NASA, average temperatures bordering the conclusion

This webpage describes multiple advantages of wind power. It as well describes the challenges that come with wind power. It also describes how wind power is a clean, renewable source of

It has been observed through various researches that in the last century, average temperatures across the globe increased by over 1.3°F with an increase of more than two times in the Arctic. (Bates, Kundzewicz, Wu, & Palutikof, June 2008). The results of climate change can also be seen in changing precipitation patterns, increases in ocean temperatures, changes in the sea level, and acidity and melting of glaciers and sea ice (USEPA, 2014).

Earth is an immeasurably complex planet, and the processes that make it so are equally as intricate. It is this same intricacy, however, that makes the Earth so vulnerable to even the slightest variation in overall temperature or change within the gases that which compose the atmosphere. What We Know About Climate Change by Kerry Emanuel aims to address this issue of Earth’s vulnerability head-on as it suggests the plausible causes for the undeniable planetary warming observed in the last century all the while proposing pragmatic solutions to discontinue the unnatural processes credited with the abnormal warming.

This article critically examines the ways in which individuals could help reduce the impacts of global warming. The author challenges that every individual could significantly minimise the effects of global warming by adopting to a more responsible lifestyle.

The report concludes, again with “high confidence”, that anthropogenic (human caused) warming has had a discernible influence on many of our planets physical and biological systems. While there are limitations and gaps in the knowledge available, particularly from undeveloped countries, the knowledge available allowed the group to attribute most of the observed increase in the globally averaged temperature since the mid-20th century to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. The analysis was necessarily limited in the number of systems and locations considered. In addition, natural temperature variability is larger at the regional than at the global scale, thus affecting identification of changes due to external forcing and at the regional scale other factors such as land-use change and pollution, are an environmental

In the last 100 years, Earth’s average temperature has risen by 1.4°F. The rising global temperatures have caused changes in weather and climate. Global warming refers to the ongoing rise in the average temperature near Earth’s surface. This is causing a climate change, which refers to any significant change (major change in temperature, precipitation, or wind patterns) in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time (several decades or longer). Due to this, it is projected that the temperature will rise from 2 to 11.5°F in the next hundred years (US EPA, 2014). The “drivers,” which are the principal causes making this occur, are very controversial. It is debated whether a change in temperature is due to the work of

Sustainability is a topic that has become very important in recent years. Sustainability is defined as, “the ability to continue a defined behavior indefinitely.” ("Finding and Resolving the Root Causes of the Sustainability Problem", 2014)

For centuries the United States Military has addressed the many challenges of national security, from fighting for the foundation of America in the Revolutionary war, to the containment of terrorism and Islamic extremism in recent years, but now global climate change presents a new and very different type of challenge to national security. The stability of the world’s climate that has enabled human civilizations to grow and flourish over the last five thousand years is changing, causing environmental conditions deteriorate, and worldwide instability that threatens national security. The sobering truth is that carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are greater now than at any time in the past 650,000 years . If the average global temperature continues to rise, necessary resources for sustaining global stability, such as food and clean water, will become scarce and or unavailable. While uncertainty may exist regarding the science and future extent of projected climate changes, the trends are clear. Climate change is happening, sea levels are rising, weather patterns are intensifying, essential provisions are decreasing, and instability is spreading. Climate change has already begun to put stress on the security and stability of society, but the worst effects on both the developed and developing world have yet to be felt. The United States has always strived to maintain stability where it exists, and instill it where it does not, now U.S. security forces must prepare for the

The problem of climate change is a regular topic of debate. A debate that is rightfully being drilled into the forefront of everyone’s thoughts because the damage has started to become more apparent. The repercussion has started to manifest themselves through altered weather patterns, as the Earth’s temperate zone have become less, for lack of a better word temperate. Unless

“When taking the heating of the entire climate system into account, our planet has warmed at a rate equivalent to 4 Hiroshima atomic bomb detonations per second over the past 15 years” (Cook). Our planet is becoming warmer. When scientists add up all the heat warming the land, oceans, atmosphere, ice melting, earth is accumulating heat equivalent to four Hiroshima bombs worth of heat per second. Global warming is a serious issue faced by our world as there has been a significant increase in temperature over the years. But the article published by Dr. Mark Sircus on “Global Warming -largest science scandal in the history” refutes the theory of global warming. Dr. Sircus states that there is no linkage between carbon dioxide and temperature leading to global warming, the sea level is not rising, arctic sea ice extent is now higher and climate change is due to solar activity. Dr. Sircus also points out that that the recent weather changes are not in line with global warming and “we are in the beginning of a deep freeze” (Global Warming - Largest Science Scandal in US History). NASA and the scientific community states that global warming is not a hoax and there is a rapid increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to greenhouse gases released as people burn fossils. NASA states that the “key indicators of global warming are based on surface, satellite, and ocean temperature measurements, satellite measurements of energy imbalance and of receding glaciers, sea ice, and