The Clinical Treatment Of Medical Ethics Essay

Humans who are being over diagnosed with disorders, causes the spending of too much money on drugs and medication that could be harmful and is not needed for them to take. The objective of this book is to let people become aware of what is going on around the world. The audience that this book aims towards is the public. The main objective of Dr. Frances is to alert the public, health care professionals and clinicians about the misinformed diagnosis of people and the misdirected treatment and medications that are prescribed to people who are “normal.” Everyday pains and suffering are being diagnosed as mental illnesses and disorders. Psychiatry has specified people with false labels. The first of many arguments is that people are very worried that when a new disorder is brought up, that they have this disorder or illness. Another argument in this book is the misdiagnosis between mental disorder and normality. Many people who experience completely normal grief could be mislabeled as having a psychiatric problem. The next argument is to separate the people who have diseases from normality. Allen Frances blames the internet and social networking for the over diagnosis of mental disorder. This book is also about the high percentage of people who are now diagnosed with a mental illness,

The medical model focuses on the molecular structure of drugs and indicators of mental or emotional disorders. However, the medical model is not effective treating mental and emotional disorders. The medical model indicts the notion that abnormal behavior is the product of physical problems and be treated medically. The medical model depends upon independent tests to demonstrate or contradict if a patient is ill. The psychological model uses tests to demonstrate or contradict whether a patient is ill. It is at this point of agreement that the two models separate. A restriction to the psychological model is if a patient that is unconscious, or their communication ability is compromised to the degree that they are

The Biopsychosocial model (BPS) was established in the early 1970s as a replacement for the biomedical approach created by George Engel (1977). He had argued against the reductionist biomedical model of disease for not considering the behavioural, psychological and social dimensions in the model (Jull, 2017). Wade and Halligan, (2016) had established that biomedical remains as the dominant healthcare approach. The aim of BPS is to integrate the biological factors with psychological and environmental factors, Engel (1977) suggested that the biopsychosocial model of illness has a significant role in the functioning of humans in terms of disease or illness and can make medicine more scientific and should be adopted into psychiatry research (Adler, 2009). Davies and Roache, (2017) established that the model was exceedingly determined, recommending new details for practices as well as a non-reductive advocate for mental illness.

I have chosen to discuss the case of Terri Shiavo which was a very big ethical case back in 2005. She had been left on a ventilator for 15 years. So let’s start from the beginning. On February 25, 1990 Terri Schiavo had a cardiac arrest that was causes by extreme hypokalemia (low potassium) brought on by an eating disorder (Quill, 2005). As a result of this cardiac arrest Terri developed severe hypoxic – ischemic encephalopathy which is another way of saying lack of oxygen to the brain (Quill, 2005). During this period she exhibited no evidence of brain function and eventually scans of her brain showed severe atrophy of her cerebral hemispheres (Quill, 2005). Her electroencephalograms were fat, indicating no functional activity of the

The quote” It is easier to find men who will volunteer to die, than to find those who are willing to endure pain with patience”,was noted to be spoken by Julius Caesar.“ Disease can destroy the body, but pain can destroy the soul”, Professor of theology Edwin Lisson of St. Louis University, once said.

The overall message and core argument this book offers is that the new version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the DSM-5, will cause an enormous increase of people who are not mentally ill being diagnosed with a mental disorder and receiving unnecessary treatment for it. Allen Frances argues that assigning everyday problems to mental disorders causes massive disadvantages for individuals and society. Diagnosing a healthy person as mentally ill will lead to unnecessary, harmful medications, the constricting of horizons, misallocation of medical recourses, and wasting the budgets of families and the state. He states as well that we do not take responsibility for our own mental well-being. We do not trust our

The consequence of medicalization is that ‘deviant behaviours’ which have now become labeled as ‘diseases’ become seen as a straightforward physical event that can be cured with the help of a medical professional. It generalizes these ‘diseases’ making them biological and removing the social aspects of the ‘disease’. Medicine originally was developed to deal with the individual’s body and the biology of disease. Medicine established itself as a science, and over the years a shift occurred. It began to include not only the individual's physical body but also psychological, social and other aspects of the individual. This shift can also be seen

Allen Frances was on the task force that led to the development of the DSM-IV, served as the Department Chair of Psychiatry at the University of Duke, and a notary author of numerous books and research. His experiences and education allowed him to observe and draw a conclusion that society was creating an inflation of mental health disorders that could be evaluated as normal. After his early retirement, he decided to write about those experiences, in a book called, Saving normal: An insider 's revolt against out-of-control psychiatric diagnosis, DSM-5, Big Pharma, and the medicalization of ordinary life, and bring awareness to the Diagnostic Statistical Manuel’s (2015) inflation of mental health disorders. The book focuses on the history of mental health and Frances’s perspective on what is normal and abnormal mental health disorders.

The medical theoretical approach implies that mental health problems and physical illnesses are on par and may be caused by physical or medical dysfunction. This means that individuals with mental illnesses are in one way or the other dissimilar from ordinary functioning individuals. Furthermore, the medical framework implies diagnosis, which in turn implies a label. That label can well be related to attributable attributes, for example, mad men cannot function normally in society. Consequently, this will perpetuate the notion that persons with mental illnesses are different and ought to be dealt with caution.

Allen Frances criticizes the widespread of diagnosing and medicating normal people in his book, “Saving Normal”. Frances has written a clear and detailed discussion about the apparent explosion of psychiatric disorders in the United States. The first three chapters demonstrate the intimate knowledge Frances has regarding the process and thoughts behind making a new diagnosis and the intention of pharmaceutical companies. It was important to learn about the history of creating the DSM and the history of the changes doctors have made to assist those with mental health problems.

However, medical knowledge at this time was limited and so disorders and their causes were not classified or attributed as we would today. The moral treatment model suggested

Chapter 1 opens with a case report about a Freshman college student named Rebecca with symptoms of depressed mood, insomnia, and difficulty concentrating on schoolwork. Psychotherapy is prescribed to help improve her mood and allow her to talk about the changes that have contributed to her depressed mood. There is a fine line when determining abnormal and normal behavior. Most people think that bad things only happen to other people. People develop negative notions about friends, releatives and acquantances that have psychological disorders whereas medical diagnoses are more socially acceptable. Social attitudes associated with psychological disorders affects how the patient perceives himself. It's very difficult to make the distinction between normal and abnormal, so the mental health community uses 5 criteria to identify abnormality. The 5 criteria is clinical significance;

Professionals in every field are always confronted with some kind of ethical issues. It has however been noted that these ethical issues become high in magnitude and extent when public officials are involved. Due to the involvement of human life, an industry like healthcare holds ethics in highest regard. Even though these healthcare practitioners are highly trained to deal with issues of these kinds, their decisions can sometimes have a lasting impact on their professional and personal lives (Edwards 2009).

Regardless of your industry, it’s becoming harder and harder to stand out from the crowd. In the medical field, this is especially true. From big box hospitals to small practices, competition is fierce. So how does one stand out from the crowd and stay professional? Brand yourself, and do it well.

The essay will discuss the ETHICS IN MEDICINE : The Relationship Between Law and Medical Ethics: