The Cloning of Dolly (Sheep)

Reproductive cloning is similar to IVF because it also brings embryo into existence. This potential infertility treatment involves the creation of embryo using the genetic material of the parent. This is done by extracting nucleus from the person’s somatic cell and transfer into an oocyte through somatic cell nuclear transfer. Thus, the processed oocyte

Animal cloning started without the world even knowing. First, an animal clone is “an exact physical copy of one ‘parent’” (Newman 12). “Animal cloning experiments began in the 1960’s. Frogs were the first subjects. By 1987 scientists had begun cloning cows and other mammals” (Newman 12). Dolly the sheep was the first big cloning success, credited to Ian Wilmut in 1996 (Praded 21). This sheep was a scientific breakthrough, but it also caused many people to question the intents of scientists. Many people wondered if scientists would clone humans next. The original intent of animal cloning was not for the food industry. The reason animal cloning started was to find a way to help cure currently untreatable diseases (“Why Do Scientists Clone?”). By cloning cells, scientists will be able to manipulate the cells to become something new.

that goes into creating a clone. First, scientist remove a somatic cell from an animal that they

There are two main types of Reproductive Cloning, Blastomere Separation (Embryo Splitting) and cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology (Cibelli et al. 478). “Blastomere separation is the making of multiple copies of a genome by separating or multiplying the individual cells of an early embryo (Cibelli et al. 478).” This process can make multiple identical genotypes possible. SCNT Technology is the use of a somatic (body) cell nucleus from an existing (or deceased) person to copy the genome of that individual (Cibelli et al. 478). There are two uses to this technology, the procreative uses and the deliberate replicative uses. People who cannot have a biologically related child any other way would use the procreative SCNT technology. It appeals to both gays and lesbians or just people who want to avoid transmitting a disease through sexual reproduction (Cibelli et al. 478). The purpose is to obtain a healthy child who is directly related to his/her parents, not to re-create a living genotype (Cibelli et al. 478). On the

First, the nucleus (containing the DNA) is removed and the rest of the cell is thrown out while the nucleus of an egg cell is also removed. Next, the nucleus of the somatic cell is inserted into the egg cells nucleus place. After the insertion, the host cell reprograms the somatic cell nucleus. The egg will begin to divide. Lastly, after many mitotic divisions the single cell can form a blastocyst with closely identical DNA to the original organism (SCNT).

hen people think of the word “cloning” they often have in mind frightening images of duplicates of humans in a kind of mad scientist experiment. In fact, many people were outraged when Dolly came as a result of a cloning experiment in Scotland (Brown, 2009). Therapeutic cloning, however, is completely different and does not involve the creation of a perfect copy from another human being. In therapeutic cloning, fertilization of sperm or eggs is not implanted into the uterus to create a child. Therapeutic cloning is a phase of a procedure known as somatic cell transfer (SCNT) In this procedure; scientists take a somatic cell from the nucleus of an egg (the nucleus contains genetic material) and then it is transplanted. In practical applications

Cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer, involves complex maneuvering. A cell is first taken from the body of the person or animal to be cloned. It is then inserted into an egg cell whose nucleus has been removed, thus creating the equivalent to a zygote, or fertilized egg. After certain chemical adjustments, the cells of the zygote divide and multiply, as if it had been created from an egg and sperm. The zygote becomes a blastocyst, an early-stage, five-day-old embryo consisting of about 150 stem cells. If the blastocyst is placed into a surrogate mother’s uterus, it could possibly develop into a fully grown person, a replica of the original cell’s donor.

As years pass, new discoveries are made through extensive research. These discoveries improve the life expectancy of humans, due to the continuous advancements in medical research and equipment. Infact, a main controversial aspect of medicine that has blown minds is said to be cloning. Cloning is the process of creating a genetic duplicate of an organism. It is divided into two branches: reproductive and therapeutic. Reproductive cloning creates an animal genetically identical to its donor, where it is then placed back into the uterine environment for further development. Therapeutic cloning on the other hand is quiet similar in the sense of formation. However, the resulting cloned cells remain in a lab and are not to be inserted into a female uterus to be nurtured into a fetus. These cells are instead used to treat and prevent diseases and conditions. Over time scientists have put forth all their knowledge and research into creating their very first fully cloned animal. But, until this day, “observers say that no reputable scientist is actively attempting to produce a human clone through reproductive cloning.” (“The Science of Cloning”,1) This procedure remains to be an issue worldwide due to the harm it carries along to reach its beneficial goal.

You then take an unfertilised egg cell of a female animal of a related species. You will have to remove it’s cell nucleus and replace it with the nucleus of the animal you want to clone. The whole progress happens in a lab under a microscope.

Debates about cloning only initiated after the first cloned mammal from an adult somatic cell in 1996 was officially declared a success. The cloned mammal was a sheep named Dolly, which then appeared to suffer from health conditions that ended her life at a young age (Pano, 36). “This ignited a worldwide controversy about whether or not cloned animals die prematurely” (Lew, chapter 1).

Cloning and selective breeding have been used to get the desired genetic makeup of animals. Cloning is the process of producing genetically identical copies of organisms that have identical DNA. The copied material is referred to as a clone. Clones can happen naturally such as identical twins Or they can be produce in a lab. A wide range of biological material have been successfully cloned such as cell tissues and even whole organism such as a sheep. In 1996, Dolly the cloned sheep was successfully cloned by Ian Wilmut and his colleagues in Edinburgh Scotland. There is two ways cloning can be done by the somatic nuclear transfer or artificial embryo twinning.

Have you ever wondered what it would be like to have a second you? The process of cloning is something that is not necessarily very new but is something that is constantly being researched and improved. Most commonly in cloning the somatic cell nuclear transfer method is used.This is when you take a somatic cell(any cell other than the sex cells) from the person being cloned and a donor egg cell and extract the nucleus from the donor egg cell replacing it with the nucleus from the somatic cell. This fuses the donor egg and somatic cell together and next is placed in a surrogate organism that gives birth to that cell that was created. That is the process of cloning an organism. The world of cloning is new and mysterious but is something that could very

There is a great deal of similarity between the methods of natural cloning and artificial embryo twinning, in terms of forming a fertilized egg, having two separate, yet identical embryos, and creating a set of duplicate individuals. The only difference is in the location of where the cloning process takes place. Natural cloning occurs inside the mother, whereas artificial embryo twinning occurs in a petri dish, where they grow and develop during a short period of time. Then, these embryos are placed into two separate host or surrogate mothers, where they will grow even more until two of the same babies are born. Just to clarify, the offspring are genetically identical because, “the embryos came from the same fertilized egg” allowing DNA to

Once an egg has been fertilized it will soon start dividing. When it divides into eight cell embryo and and they are all separated , those cells can be implanted into a uteri of eight people. These clones will be born from different mothers. This can often happen without trying to clone something

    In the early 1980s, a much simpler cloning procedure, which is known as artificial twinning, was developed. In this procedure, the early embryo is split into individual cells or groups of cells, which happens naturally with twins, triplets, and other multiple births. This obviously allows each new cell to develop into its own embryo, and then those embryos are