The Combined Effect of Corrision and Erosion

The swift expansion of the industrial city, leads to numerous infrastructure problems, particularly in the sanitization and water supply sector. Their response to the rapidly increasing population was to utilize their industrial and mining capabilities as a easy solution. Cast iron pipes were mass produced then placed in the ground, solving the water and sanitization issue, so they thought. Cast iron is a sturdy, cheap, and easy made metal; because of its relatively simple process to produce, cast iron will corrode and perforate within seventy-five years of it being laid into the ground.

Society relies heavily on metals in nearly every aspect of life; however the corrosion of such metals has become a costly and very prevalent issue worldwide. Large amounts of energy, time and money has been poured into

The processes of erosion are wind, water, mass movements, glacier ice, and ocean waves. Wind erosion occurs when gusts of wind carry smaller sizes of sediment to different places. Wind erosion typically takes place in “...mostly in flat,

side-stream B exists, where additional air flows into pipe. At first, molecules of influx B just ´stand´ locally and represent no stronger resistance than main-stream is affected by friction on inner faces of pipe. Particles of that ´resting´ air at B are trembling, based at normal molecular movements, thus are flying into all directions from one collision to next. Just by pure chance, any particle will be pushed into direction of main-stream. That particle moves ahead within main-stream, and will not come back to influx-area.

Initially, I have started this series of paintings inspired by Marlene Dumas, The Image as Burden. I started to paint portraits of women who have lost their faces in acid attacks which happened to them as revenge. Later, I focused on the group of primary school children who were victims of a fire accident in their classroom. Some of them passed away and the rest of them have to live with a burnt face. Currently, I have developed this series into a wider range of under privileged, homeless, and refugee kids. I met and talked with a few of those children and used my own photographs as a reference for some of the pieces.

The purpose of this project was to discover how the pH level affects corrosion rate. The hypothesis was if the pH level affects the corrosion rate, then the lower the pH level is quicker the corrosion rate would be. This will happen because liquids below the pH level of 7 possess stronger acidic attributes. The effect of pH level on corrosion rate was determined by depositing a copper penny in each of three plastic cups, and then three different liquids by their pH levels, were assigned to be displaced into each cup formulating a chemical reaction to be observed. The results collected during this investigation contradicted with the intended result, this experiment was conducted to determine corrosion rate; Dana Puti Vingear (pH level: 4.5)

Discussion:There were 4 test tubes/cups but only 3 had the chemical reaction happen to them they were the distil liquid cup, also the calcium chloride cup and finally the salty water cup and the liquid that didn’t make the metal nail rust was the oil contained cup.The distilled water had the most rust and under that was the salt water which was just as rusty as the distilled water but it wasn’t as rusty as well so that's why salty water was ranked under the distilled water and under that was the calcium chloride because it was less rusted and under that was the oil because the oily nail didn’t rust at all.If rust had to occur it would need 3 mains things,1.H₂O (Water),2 Oxygen and lastly you would need to obviously wait.Rust forms when water

Corrosion control is perhaps the single most cost-effective method a system can use to treat for iron, copper, and zinc due to the significant benefits in:

The hypothesis of this experiment was rejected. The hypothesis was if a substance prevents steel wool from rusting then oil will best prevent rusting. The four substances tested were motor oil, WD-40, silicone, and bleach. The average amount of rust with the WD-40 was about 5.3 grams. The average for silicon was about 6.7 grams. The average amount of rust for the bleach was about 10 grams. The average amount of rust on the steel wool for the motor oil was about 12 grams. The WD-40 was probably the best at preventing steel wool from rusting because it is used to clean, and prevent corrosion on metal. The WD-40 almost did not rust at all because of this. The bleach probably did not do very well because it can sometimes actually corrode and rust metal. The silicon probably did the second best at preventing rust on steel wool because silicon is used to repel water. In order for rust to form there must be two critical ingredients. There must be water and oxygen. If the water was being repelled off of the steel wool, then it

Aluminum metal reacts with oxygen in the air to produce a thin hard film of aluminum oxide on the surface. Thus, as the aluminum oxide film becomes thicker, it will absorb moisture from the air. In fact, moisture is the source of hydrogen, which could affect the quality of the weld (e.g. porosity).

The landing gear is a fundamental component for the operation of an aircraft and for the safety of its crew/passengers. The aircraft relies heavily on the structural integrity of the landing gear to take off and land without failure. For military aircraft such as the Boeing F/A-18A/B Hornet, it becomes paramount not only as a safety factor for the pilot, but as a frontline defender for the Nation, that the operation is not inhibited in times of war. There are many factors that can be detrimental to the failure of a landing gear, one contributor being the presence of corrosion on structural items. Throughout the life of the aircraft or landing gear more specifically, the exposure to operating environments vary greatly due to the capability that the fighter aircraft must produce. As a result, there may be many different causes for corrosion, yet only a handful of ways to combat them. Some of the prevention methods include material selection and design, environmental conditions and protective coatings.

Most of these offshore structures are constructed from steel thus making every part of it from drilling rigs to production facilities prone to internal and external corrosion due to the high temperature and pressure these facilities come in contact with in the aggressive ocean environments. Over time, these structures deteriorate and this causes a loss in their mechanical properties such as impact strength, strength and ductility which ultimately results in complete failure. Microorganism attacks, chemical attacks and abrasive action of waves are factors that can cause degradation of offshore oil and gas facilities. The significance of corrosion on the economy is considerable due to the fact that corrosion of oil and gas facilities, maintenance costs on aging/corroding equipment, costs for new construction, evaluation of structural integrity, periodical inspections and the correction of failures related to corrosion have been documented to cost billions of dollars per year according to an estimate made by the World Corrosion Organization (WCO).

As mentioned in report 1, the corrosion of steel bar in concrete will only occur in the presence of both oxygen and water, therefore measures can be taken by preventing the penetration of oxygen and/or water from the surrounding environmental to the steel reinforcement.

Barber et al., 2005 discussed the development of sub-surface damage during high energy solid particle erosion of a thermally sprayed WC–Co–Cr coating. The samples tested were 50 mm×50 mm×10 mm carbon steel plates with a nominal 300 µm thick WC–Co–Cr coating. Each sample was lapped using 14 µm diamond lap- ping paste which ensured consistency in surface finish to an Ra of 0.05 µm. The test conditions were: sand velocity 148 m/s, sand feed rate of 6 g/min to give a flux of 0.5 kg/m2/s, test duration 10, 20 and 30 min. The erosion wear performance of a thermally sprayed hard coating has been found to be inferior to that of sintered bulk material of the same composition. The number and length of cracks found, both parallel and transverse to the substrate boundary, in eroded samples of thermally sprayed WC–Co–Cr material. The initiation sites of these cracks are also studied and the importance of voids and other microstructural features (i.e. cobalt lakes, splat boundaries, interfacial inclusions) in the coating as initiation sites is highlighted. The cracks appear in near-surface layers that are likely regions of localised plasticity in the matrix and could result from a mixed mode of

Oil spills have devastating effects wherever it occurs like damage to aquatic, aerial and terrestrial life. Most of NNPC’s oil spillage is largely due to pipeline corrosion. This paper will explore the feasibility of preventive maintenance on the oil pipelines which will aid in the prevention and early detection of oil leakages. The major causes of pipeline spillages are corrosion, stress, etc. Preventive maintenance practices on the oil pipelines consists of actions that will improve the conditions of the pipeline systems for optimized performance and aversion of unwanted system failure. A preventive maintenance system will be developed using the FMEA approach as methodology.