The Combustion of Polymers

During the movie flubber, I made connections to this year’s physical science class. The following topics are discussed in this essay, polymers, physical properties, raditation, renewable engery, other types of energy, flight, and real world possibilities.

Polymers a large molecules made up of a chain of smaller molecules, known as monomers. The monomers that a polymer is made up of decide its structure and therefore it's function. These monomers are linked and coiled in a very specific manor giving the polymer a specific tertiary structure (an extensively coiled and linked polymer chain caused as a result of the formation of more bonds forming). This tertiary structure is crucial to the function of a polymer as it denotes the necessary shape of the complementary molecule. This is easier explained through an example.

An Investigation into the Enthalpies of the Combustion of Alcohols = == == == ==

In radical halogenations lab 1-chlorobutane and 5% sodium hypochlorite solution was mixed in a vial and put through tests to give a product that can then be analyzed using gas chromatography. This experiment was performed to show how a radical hydrogenation reaction works with alkanes. Four isomers were attained and then relative reactivity rate was calculated. 1,1-dichlorobutane had 2.5% per Hydrogen; 1,2-dichlorobutane had 10%; 1,3-dichlorobutane had 23%; and 1,4-dichlorobutane had 9.34% per Hydrogen.

The most common form of polyethylene is petroleum based or olefins based; as before mentioned polyethylene compounds have a wide commercial applicability and are made from non-renewable resources (Harding, Dennis, von Blottnitz, Harrison, & S.T.L., 2007). Its manufacturing processes are regarded as energy intensive and release significant amount of CO2 and heat into the atmosphere (Broderick, 2008). Next a little more detailed description of polyethylene’s production processes will be presented, with a focus on the way the material inputs are extracted and synthesized.

in many different product Today, countless producers all over the world rely on the properties

2. PROPAGATION: Chlorine free radicals attack the methane molecules and combine with one of the hydrogen atoms to form hydrogen chloride and another free radical (methyl free radical).

The father reported that the reason for the evaluation is because the parents are unable to come to an agreement regarding custody of Sofia.

Latent heat of vaporization The heat that is absorbed when one gram of liquid is transformed into vapor at the boiling point under one atmosphere of pressure and the result is expressed in BTUs per pound or calories per gram.

For instance, pentan-1-ol, the alcohol utilised to synthesis 1-pentyl ethanoate, is relatively flammable due to the hydroxyl functional group attached to the molecule. Therefore, in order to prevent severe burns, a laboratory coat and safety glasses were worn. The experiment was additionally performed whilst standing up, so that if the aliquot of pentan-1-ol ignited,

Don't trust atoms, they make up everything. This is true for the reaction witnessed in the combustion of fireworks. These pretty colours and lights are the result of a chemical reaction occurring, that ignites the firework and turns into a colourful flame. This phenomenon can be tested inside a laboratory using similar circumstances to that of a firework in the air. The test involves using chemicals, similar to what is seen in fireworks and burning those chemicals under a blue flame, which burns at 1500C. The purpose of this experiment was to observe the characteristic flame colours produced by the metal salts burned under a blue flame.

: Laccase catalyses the oxidation of phenols by one electron oxidation, consuming molecular oxygen. The phenolic compounds form phenoxy radicals that turn into quinone intermediates in the second stage of oxidation. These quinones are very reactive and undergo non-enzymatic radical coupling reaction to form covalent bonds involving polymerisation or cross-linking of phenolic monomers. Laccase from ascomycete Myceliophthora thermophila was able to oxidize phenolic compounds such as catechol and catechin and mediate their attachment to denim surfaces. When catechol was oxidised by laccase in situ at the surface of the denim fabrics, a brown overdyed surface was obtained due to polymer deposition. Process optimization showed that 4 units per millilitre

The history of PCB's (known as the Polychlorinated Biphenyls) dates back to the early 1930's. There is no record of the chemical existing in nature prior to this. This chemical substance is a type of oil that is chlorinated. It is hardly reactive with other substances. It is not even prone to rapid combustion and serves as an electrical insulator. The chemical also maintains its structural integrity when subjected to high temperature and pressure. This led the scientific community to consider PCB's as the perfect replacement for dielectric liquids and as a form of insulation within capacitors and major transformers (Forsberg, 2007). The property of PCB enabled it to be an immediate candidate for use in hydraulics, light (fluorescent) ballasts and heat transfer mediums. Its usage was further expanded to include tasks such as making pigments, plasticizers and industrial grade wax.

Higher cross-linking and molecular mass strengthen the polymer. Crystallinity increases strength as the secondary bonding is enhanced when the molecular chains are closely packed and parallel. Pre-deformation by drawing increases strength by orienting the molecular chains. For undrawn polymers, heating increases the tensile modulus and yield strength, and reduces the ductility.

In the industrial segment, paper competes with substitutes such as polymers, wood and steel for use in packaging applications. Given their lower prices and the increasing focus on appearance, polymers pose a threat to paper in industrial applications.