The Communicable Disease Typhoid Fever

Mary Mallon, who was called “Typhoid Mary”, a miserable cook with little education, spread typhoid fevers via her dishes and isolated in North Brother Island until she died("The Most Horrible Seaside Vacation,").

About 1,500 cases of malaria are diagnosed in the United States annually, mostly in returned travelers” (Global Health - Division of Parasitic Diseases , 2010). Malaria risk is not distributed homogeneously throughout all countries. Some destinations have malaria transmission occurring throughout the whole country, while in others it occurs in defined pockets so the traveler should be weary of areas whose climate is conducive to mosquitoes.

Some of the most emerging and re-emerging agents of the waterborne diseases are; Cholera which is caused by the ingestion of water that is infected by Vibrio Cholerae. This is a painless form of diarrhea characterized by watery stool. Dysentery which is caused by Escherichia Coli. Typhoid that is caused by Salmonella typhi which is usually accompanied by fever is yet another disease. Gastroenteritis diseases caused by Giardia and Cryptosporodia and some species of hepatitis are also known to be caused by water (CDC, 2011). These disease causing agents find their way into the human body through infected water that people from the poorer communities in Uganda use and have no option of cleaner water.

A problem that affects the daily life of more than a hundred million people is inadequate sanitation and a lack of proper sanitation facilities. For example, only 87% of Indians in urban areas have access to a sanitized latrine, while only 33% of Indians in rural areas have access to a toilet, (The Guardian). This statistic is alarming, as it increases the susceptibility to diseases such as

In addition, diseases such as Hookworm and Malaria–brought to Latin America through colonisation and slavery–cause economic problems to this day. According to Hausmann (2009): “countries at a high risk of malaria grow 0.6 per cent slower than countries free from malaria”. Exports can be affected such as during the Cholera outbreak in Peru in 1991 which cost the fishing industry $800 million (Hausmann, 2009). It also increases healthcare costs and reduces worker productivity (Hausmann, 2009). Presently, resistance means that cheap medications for treatment of and protection from malaria are becoming less effective (Gallup et al., 2003, p.135). As

In this assignment I will be writing about two sociological perspectives and discus there patterns and trends of health and illness to two social groups.

Typhus is a disease caused by a genus of bacteria known as Rickettsia, which has been around since the late fifteenth century. Up until the twentieth century, it had impacted the world in both a negative and positive way. It killed off a lot of civilians and troops, but has also helped places advance more in medicine. Historically, typhus did a lot of damage to Europe. Not only was Europe as a whole damaged, but the population living within Europe was damaged as well. Finding out you have typhus must be the most awful feeling in the world. Especially because it’s essentially life or death, if it’s not treated on time or correctly.

Propose any new/novel solutions that might be effective in control and prevention of disease. Include variables and demographics that make efforts to reduce transmission in this geographic area more difficult and how you might work to resolve them.

The first main point in the story Typhoid Fever is that literature can have everlasting impact on people’s lives. In the story, Patricia reads “The Highwayman” poem to Frankie. Because the children are not allowed to talk to each other, Patricia reads bits and pieces to Frankie at different times to avoid being caught. Frankie is awaiting the next part of the poem when he learns that Patricia has passed away. He is very disappointed because he never learnt the end of the poem. He keeps wondering and wondering until Sean learns the rest and recites it. If Sean had never took the time to learn the poem, Frankie would have most likely been living the rest of his life wondering how it ended.

The strategy of case studies contributes to a dynamic analysis area of a country with specific characteristics. The determinants of health and diseases emerge from factors that cause imbalance from a phenomenological aspect that affects the culture of the families.

Readings within your text covering international/global health and the following websites will assist you in answering these questions:

Unfortunately, for individuals in the developing world resources are lacking. It is individuals in these situations that are extremely vulnerable to potential exposure. Climate change is also impacting disease transmission. Large environmental areas are shrinking due to urban sprawl which is leading to increased populations density’s, increased pathogen load, decreased distributions, and a greater prevalence of disease (Mills, Gage, Khan, 2010). Thus, larger numbers of individuals are living in close proximity of disease vectors.

We must contain Mary, she is running around the city infecting others. Six of the eight families she has cooked for in the last ten years have contracted the disease, that can not be a coincidence. We must test Mary, and hopefully stop this outbreak, before anyone else contracts typhoid fever. We went to Mary’s place of work to collect a sample for testing, there was a struggle, but eventually she realized that she was coming with us either way. The result of Mary's test was not good, she was the first “healthy carrier” in New York.

Typhoid fever is an intestinal illness, which can result in great suffering and even death. At first it was commonly confused with other fever causing illnesses until 1869 when William Jenner performed a careful analysis and found differences in the different types of typhus fevers. In this paper, I will discuss the bacteria that causes typhoid fever, discuss the signs, symptoms, method of transmission, past and current epidemics, and whether or not there has been a decrease in outbreaks in the past few years.

The country of India is second in terms of population size and the major cities are becoming overcrowded. Poverty rates in India have increased over the last few years and despite the economic boom the country is experiencing, the people are still living in overcrowded ghettos or slums. Overcrowding and population has brought healthcare challenges. In India, maternal and child mortality are still high, malnutrition among children and pregnant women increase yearly, and the country leads the numbers of Tuberculosis (TB) infection. Furthermore, India’s HIV problem has increased and now is third among 195 countries. The lack of basic healthcare, support and supplies from Indian official has only fueled the healthcare challenges it faces.