The Complex Variety and Uses of the Senecio Genus

Spanish moss, Tillandsia usneoides L, is not a moss, but a flowering and fruiting aerial epiphytic bromeliad. It is one of nine Tillandsia species typically living in warm, humid climates on trees or other supporting structures such as fences and power cables (Billings 1904; Garth 1964; Callaway, et al. 2002). This epiphyte is distributed between 38°N and 38°S latitude, up to 3300 meters above sea level (Garth,1964 and Gentry,1987), and is native to Mexico, Central America, South America and the Caribbean. It grows from Texas to Virginia in the United States (Barve, 2015).

Species: P. tigris, the organism who lives in a forest and is covered wiht blackstrip fur.

Habitat: Their habitats are on crops, arable and waste land, gardens. Commonly on footpaths and in

The classification of C. townsendii becomes more intricate at the family classification. Classed into family Vespertilionidae, Townsend’s bat follows the family characteristics of a simple face that lacks a noseleaf. Furthermore, Townsend’s bat falls into the genus Corynorhinus, which is characterized by lump noses and unique, easily identifiable long ears. Corynorhinus harbors only three unique species of bats: the Townsend’s big-eared bat, the Mexican big-eared bat, and Rafinesque’s big-eared bat. The major distinguishing characteristics amongst these species are their coats and habitats. All three species natively inhabit North America, but their climate and habitat regions vary. For example, C.mexicanus (Mexican big-eared bat) resides primarily in the high, humid regions of Mexico while C. townsendii prefers a more moderate climate and a rocky habitat. Moreover, C. townsendii is easily

Originating from eastern and southern United States, phylloxera lives on native American vines. Developing on mature storage roots, phylloxera disrupts their function, allowing countless secondary fungal pathogens to be introduced. Early signs of a phylloxera infestation include yellowing of leaves and stunting of growth as the leaves lose function. Symptoms will appear within three years, ultimately killing the vines between five to six years depending on the phylloxera genotype. Phylloxera is characterized by having three-jointed antennae, the third of which is the longest, and its overlapping wings resting flat on the back. It belongs to the order of Homoptera, and shares commonalities between two families of that sub-order: the plant-lice and bark-lice. Their lifecycle, from egg to adult, is gradual and complex—one species is known to progress through 21 different phases. Phylloxera adults are all female and reproduce asexually. One adult female is capable of producing 1) 200 eggs per cycle and 2) having several cycles in a lifetime.

The display will be strategically placed near the entrance of a tropical rainforest exhibit concerning rainforest preservation and animal conservation. The display of the new discovery of H. dianae is used to trigger visitors to think seriously and be concerned about the tropical rainforest ecology, diversity, and conservation. The most important lesson is that it is crucial to save the remarkable tropical rainforest, and the present existing and future new discovered beautiful species before they become extinct.

Stems are long and weak, square in cross section, prickly (spiny) with glands on young parts. Leaves are matt, mid-green, deeply veined and sometimes hairy. The lamina is pear or oval shaped, pointed to broadly-rounded apex, rounded base, round or regular toothed margins with wrinkled and strigose (sharp oppressed rigid bristly hairs) upper surface. When the leaves are crushed, a strong and distinctive odour is exuded. Flower heads have many smaller flowers. Each flower is tubular-shaped and have 4 spreading lobes (petals), changing colour with age. The colours would be a various combinations of white, yellow, orange, red or pink. Fruit is a berry or drupe arranged in clusters. The fruit is green and becomes purple-black when mature. This plant takes over huge areas usually in moist gullies, along drainage lines and around wetlands. It can be found scrambling high into tree tops. The intense growth of the weed restricts any plant to grow beneath it or around it. This results in plant growth being restricted and not allowing plantation to develop.

The first thing that makes P. dilatatum so unique is its ability to grow in a wide variety of environments. It can grow in a variety of places around the globe, including Florida, New Jersey, Argentina, Spain, Mozambique, Sri Lanka, Japan, and Australia (Polistes Corporation, n.d.). Within these environments it is usually on tree bark within an open habitat, making a forest an ideal place for this lichen to thrive. Due to the fact this lichen is cosmopolitan, meaning it can live with varying biotic and abiotic factors, it is hard to come up with any distinguishing characteristics from other lichen regarding the habitat.

The family Droseraceae is a cosmopolitan species that is found on all of the continents with the exception of Antarctica. This is likely the most diverse carnivorous plant family and has 150-160 species. 11 of these species are found in the United States (Webb D. 2008). This family is usually found as an herb or rarely a small shrub. The leaves of this family are alternate or whorled. This family has simple leaves, with the lamina with glandular hairs which trap insects, or have bristles that cause the lamina to close. The stipules may be present or absent. The Stamens are as many as there are petals. The stamens may be distinct, or connate at the base. The anthers are dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits; pollen grains in

The organism discussed in this paper is the Pediomelum subacaulis also known as the Nashville Breadroot which can be found in the southern states of Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama. This plant species is a plant that grows in several counties in Middle Tennessee and has minimal leaves that looks different in appearance and color and has hairy leaves that grow in limestone. This is a beautiful organism that lives in different phases throughout the year. This organism during the different seasons can change in appearance to look unattractive and unappealing but during others can flourish to be a magnificent eye catching plant.

In a 2005 and 2007 study by L. Galloway, the maternal light environment of Campanulastrum americanum was shown to influence the offspring’s germination season by altering the maternal flowering time. C. americanum, also known as the American bellflower, is a native understory fern. Individuals can grow in either the forest understory or in light gaps, therefore, individuals will experience no direct sunlight, or full sunlight for some length of time, daily. Individuals within the C. americanum species are capable of having one of two life-history strategies. The relationship between maternal light environment and flowering time can influence the offspring’s life-history strategy by dictating whether the individuals grow as annuals or biennials. A majority of seeds in light gaps became annuals, germinating in the fall and flowering immediately the next summer, while a majority of the understory seeds grew as biennial individuals, germinating in the spring and growing for a season before flowering their second year. As the study results support, these flowering phenologies are two different life-history strategies that have been influenced by maternal effects. The study results have shown that twice as many seeds germinated in light gaps if their mother had grown within the gap, and that twice as many seeds germinated in the understory if their mother had also grown there. The population growth for individuals grown outside of their mother’s environment was determined to be

of T. latifolia and T.angustifolia , is most common in North America and T. domingesis is

In order to explore biological diversity as it occurs at various taxonomic levels, arthropods were taken from a coastal ecosystem for identification and classification. A field trip was taken to the south shore estuary on Long Island, specifically the Lido Preserve, which is a salt marsh habitat. On the island, the class of researchers were split into six teams, with each team comprising of four students. Each team followed the same sampling techniques, indicating an equal sampling effort throughout the process of collecting arthropods. Random samples were not taken, because each team was designated a specific spot, or transect, in the marsh. Since all groups followed the same sampling procedures, this allowed for accurate and precise

The text of this paper will cover a description of D. virginiana, its ecology, history, and research involving the species.

The word Metrosideros is derived from two Greek words –“metra” which means “core or heart”, and “sideron” which means “iron”. Thus, Metrosideros species are referred to as iron-hearted trees referring to the durability and hardness of their wood (Dawson & Stemmermann, 1990). The genus Metrosideros belongs to the family Myrtaceae which consists of around 135 genera and more than 3000 species. A substantial number of species of this family are found in Australia and South America while fewer species are found in Africa (Wilson, 1996). Metrosideros is a widely distributed genus with representatives in the Philippines, New Guinea, New Caledonia, New Zealand and many of the Pacific Islands but missing in Australia, Indonesia, or Micronesia (Wilson, 1996). One outgroup species, M.angustifolia, is also present in South Africa (Dawson, 1975).