Back Titration Lab Report

This study will examine the harmful effects of alcohol poisoning caused by excessive drinking of alcoholic beverages in a short period of time. Men, women and underage drinkers are affected by this deadly disease that kills thousands each year. According to the Centers for Disease and Prevention, there are 2,221 alcohol poisoning deaths or six deaths per day in the U.S. each year” (Stahre, Roeber, Kanny, Brewer, & Zhang, 2014). This number is high for a disease that is self-inflicted. On the other hand what makes alcohol poisoning extremely dangerous is, it not only affects the users but the people around them. There are many people killed from negligence or car accidents because the person intellectual was impaired due to the excess amount of alcohol consumed. Alcohol poisoning is tremendously hazardous for the consumer and the people impacted by the consumer. It is important to educate and make people aware of the devastating affects alcohol poisoning can have on their bodies and the people around them. The purpose of this research is to understand the cause and the effect of alcohol poisoning but also the symptoms and treatment for this disease. This research will emphasize on what leads to alcohol poisoning and the consequences behind excess or “binge” drinking that contributes to this disease and the damaging effects associated with

The pathophysiology of alcoholism begins after alcohol the ingestion of alcohol. It is absorbed and unaltered through the stomach and intestines. Next it is distributed throughout the body through the blood and absorbed by all tissues and fluids (Huether, 2012, p. 72). Furthermore, in the liver the alcohol blood content is metabolized into acetaldehyde by the enzymes process of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS), and catalase (Huether & McCance, 2012). Next, the metabolizing effects the central nervous system (CNS) and exhibits a depressant action. It is first expressed in the subcortical structures of the brain. This has an effect of disorientation of motor skills and intellect. With an increase in blood alcohol concentration, the medullary centers become depressed and as a result affects respiration (Huether & McCance, 2012). In addition, the effects of alcoholism encourage hepatic and gastric changes. The hepatic effect is caused by acetaldehyde, in which, induces inflammation, fatty deposits and enlargement of the liver (Huether & McCance, 2012).

The total cost of alcohol abuse, is around $184.9 billion. Physical changes after two drinks are: Changes in judgment, loosened restraint, slow reaction time, dulled senses. For four drinks it is: Exaggerated feelings of anger, fear, and anxiety. For eight drinks it is: Significant impact on motor functions, significant impairment of judgement, blacking out, and nausea. For twelve drinks it’s: Confusion, blacking or passing out, overdose, impairment of brain’s ability to manage even basic bodily functions. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend no more that one drink per day for adult women and no more that two drinks per day for adult men. Most people retain some alcohol in their blood up to two to three hours after a single drink. The people who should avoid alcoholic beverages completely are: Children and adolescents, recovering alcoholics, people who plan to drive, women who may become pregnant, or are pregnant, and anyone taking prescription or over-the-counter medications that can interact with alcohol. Difference in levels of drink are: Abstinence is 0, Light is less than 1, Moderate is less than 2, and Heavy is 2 or

Many people think moderate drinking is perfectly safe. It feels good and, most of the time, a drink or two seems to not cause any obvious, immediate harm. Surely, this is fine? However, this is not necessarily true. It is increasingly becoming clear that even small amounts of alcohol can be harmful.

The consequences of ethanol are dependent on the time of administration and duration of treatment (3).

The paper was supported by resources from the US Department of Health and Human Services, the NIAAA, the Medical Research Service of the US Department of Veterans Affairs, and the Alcoholic Beverage Medical Research Foundation.

Central Idea: Humans that drink a large amount of alcohol in a short amount of time know that they are putting themselves at risk for alcohol poisoning.

The effects of ethanol on humans starts when the alcohol enters the bloodstream, and the more alcohol that enters the bloodstream, there’s a higher risk for effects. Some of the effects include, “reduced inhibitions, slurred speech, motor impairment, confusion, memory problems, concentration problems, coma, breathing problems, and even death. Additionally, alcohol can cause car crashes and accidents, risky behavior, violent behavior, and suicide or homicide.” Alcohol can also take effect on the brain, heart (cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, stoke, HBP), liver (alcoholic hepatitis), pancreas, can cause cancer, and can cause damage to one’s immune system.

The first hypothesis was unsupported as Tube 4 (positive control) had the most succinate (.2mL) but ended with the lowest % transmittance out of the three sample we were examining (Tubes 2-4). We believe this discrepancy to be due to the variability of the mitochondrial solution. If the Tube 4 mitochondrial suspension had less concentrated enzyme than the solution for Tube 3 and Tube 2 then Tube 4 would be biologically incapable of matching their rate of reduction. It's worth mentioning that Tube 2 and 3 had a %T change of 23.1% and 23.2% respectively while Tube 4 exhibited a change of only 20.4%; further supporting the idea that Tube 4, despite its increase in succinate concentration, wa lacking in other enzymes/proteins necessary for the

The adult consumption of alcohol, in moderation and in a responsible manner, is perfectly fine. Issues arise when the consumption of alcoholic beverages are done so in a way that is excessive, risky, done so as a coping mechanism, illegally, and done so in an irresponsible manner that could cause harm to other. The public’s health is the main concern of the health care field and to identify risks factors that affect our nation’s safety and health. Exposing what is causing health issues and finding

International statistics reveal that Alcohol is attributed to 4% of total mortality and between 4- 5% of DALY’s (1, 2). Rhem et al notes that more than 25% of the global consumption is estimated to be unrecorded, due to lack of surveillance. This variance can create a higher global burden of disease attributable to Alcohol (2). According to the World Health Organisation (2014), overconsumption of Alcohol has been linked to the development of more than 200 diseases, making it the third highest risk leading to death and disability (1). Rhem et al conducted an analysis of the burden of disease attributable to Alcohol. In particular their analysis revealed that the pattern of drinking, volume and quality of alcohol consumed were causally linked to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, liver cirrhosis and injury (2). The study also elucidates the notion that even with evidence based management strategies and widespread acceptance of the harms associated with the drug, Alcohol misuse is a significant issue in society. The net harms outweigh any notable benefits of Alcohol over consumption.

The effects associated with alcohol are produced by the ethanol in the alcohol. The severity of these effects is reflected by the concentration of alcohol in an individual’s blood, which is dictated by the amount of alcohol ingested, the volume of blood, the individual’s metabolism, and amount of time since ingestion. In large doses, alcohol acts as a depressant of the central nervous-system. A blood alcohol level of 0.1% affects some of the motor areas of the brain associated with speech, balance and manual dexterity. A blood alcohol level of 0.2% depresses all motor functions and the area concerned with emotions is depressed. At a blood alcohol level of 0.45% the entire section of the brain that handles perception is depressed and the individual becomes comatose. At a blood alcohol level of 0.7% the parts of the brain that control the heartbeat and breathing are depressed and the individual

For this experiment, titrations on a weak acid, acetic acid, and a buffer were performed. Acetic acid was titrated with NaOH in order to observe the half-equivalence point as well as the equivalence point. Then, the buffer and the buffered acetic acid solution prepared faced additional titration with NaOH and HCl to evaluate the differing buffering effects following the addition of a strong acid and strong base. Finally, the buffer’s buffering capacity was calculated. If the experiment were to be repeated, it would be interesting to observe the buffering effects following a titration between a weak base and a buffer instead with greater concentrations. The change in the concentration following the preparation of buffer with a weak base and its conjugate acid would pose for an interesting experiment to observe an increase in the buffering capacity.

Alcohol has been through many different stages throughout history. Although many scientists have stated alcohol has been used since prehistoric times alcohol consumption began being traced in 1790. During 1790 to 1919 the sale of alcohol was legal. During this time period also known as the “colonial times” an abundance of alcohol was consumed by almost everyone. The consumption of alcohol was a natural part of life. During the seventeenth and eighteenth century drinking occurred everywhere including; mealtime, work, political events, even the army troops received alcohol (Lender and Martin, 1987). In 1790 the alcohol consumption for people 15 and older was at 5.8 gallons of alcohol per year and continued to rise in 1800 to 7.1 gallons in 1830. It was discovered

Vodka, an alcoholic beverage believed to have originated in Russia, is one of the most consumed spirits in the world. Vodka that was once rarely consumed outside of Europe before the 1905s has captured the international markets including the United States and by 1975, vodka market has