The Concept Of Abductive Methodology

Inductions, a series of examples, can be used to verify a major premise, which can then be the framework for deductions, by applying it to a specific case (minor premise). Deductive reasoning can be structured as a syllogism, a “logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion.” In this case, if the major and minor premise are true, then the conclusion is logically valid. In Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s The Declaration of Sentiments, both induction and deduction are used.

Through studies in theoretical philosophy, it provides an introduction to human reasoning and the knowledge relating to it, and its different fields support each other. The studies will gain systematic

Inductive reasoning stands for the arguments that do not preserve the truth, unlike the deductive reasoning. There is no guarantee in inductive reasoning even if the premises are true that the conclusion will be true. The premises bring forth the probability most in life situations. In inductive reasoning, the premises are described to be weak, implausible or cogent, and they form the basis for the drawn conclusion as the evidence available determines whether the argument is strong or weak.

4) Inductive Reasoning- Reasoning in which ideas come at the end. Global commentary and periodic sentences are inductive.

Primarily deductive process used to test pre-specified concepts, constructs, and hypotheses that make up a theory

22.  A ________________ is a fundamental form of reasoning where one proposition is inferred from two others.

The purpose of this paper is to argue that Alvin Goldman's paper "A Causal Theory of Knowing" does not solve the problem in Edmund Gettier's paper "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?" To argue the old view of knowledge, Gettier presents a case in which a Subject (S) is justified in believing that a proposition (P) and P entails another proposition (Q). S deduces Q from P and accepts Q. Then S is justified in believing Q. In the first Case that Gettier presents however, P is falsely justified, but Q is a true justified belief: Smith (S) is justified in believing that Jones is the man who will get the job and Jones has ten coins in his pocket (P). Thus, the man who will get the job has ten coins in his pocket (Q). S is justified in

The Hypothetico-Deductive model is considered by some to be the hallmark of scientific research methods. The model is predicated on obtaining information in an effort to confirm or reject the hypothesis developed. This methodology requires the researcher to ask questions, hone in on the issue through preliminary research, formulate hypothesis and measurements, test, draw conclusions, refine and report. In order for the model to be effective the question being addressed by the researcher must be testable. This means there is practical feasibility of producing counterexamples. For example answering the question of “does God exist?” would not facilitate an appropriate use of the

While induction is only one of the five parts of the inductivist account of science, it is one of the most important steps. Induction is the process by which scientists make a leap of thought from observation to theory, and if induction has flaws, then the new theory must unquestionably contain flaws. Regardless of these errors, a scientist, according to an inductivist philosopher, will still accept a particular scientific theory if it can be validly induced from factual observation and experiment.

Induction process : A process where we observe a specific phenomenon and on this basis we arrive at a general conclusion .

Philosophers create new thesis all the time. Many times these thesis are challenged by other ideas. The Problem of induction was introduced by David Hume in the 18th century. He questioned how past observation could be the same observation in the future. We can assume that past events can occur again, and this was not the problem. The problem is Hume does not believe that past experiences can lead to the future. It is beneficial to completely understand Hume’s stand point therefore I will explain the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning. Inductive reasoning is multiple premises that are believed to be true or at least true most of the time. Deductive reasoning is a theory that claims truth. If the premise is true the conclusion is true. Hume first separated human reasoning in two different ways. The first way is relations of ideas. These are the sciences of geometry, algebra and

     In “The Fixation of Belief”, Charles S. Peirce attempts to explain his four methods of establishing belief, in which he says all people have. These methods can be put to the test with any subject matter, and one shall always fit.

In his work “Conjectures and Refutations,” Popper discussed several aspects of induction including the topics of conjectures (opinions or conclusions formed on the basis of incomplete information) or tentative theories and refutations (ways to refute an argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine, or theory, through contradicting evidence) or the acts of disproving arguments through counterexamples (Oxford).

In the 17th century Francis Bacon introduced induction as the new method for producing scientific theories. However inductive reasoning is riddled with problems that make it unsatisfactory for demarcating science. Hume’s problem of induction

On another hand inductive research approach mainly work on different kinds of theories which are totally depend on the data collected from studies .Data is collected for the development of the information and theories are made on that information. It is also called as bottom up approach by which we can touch the top point by moving on the data collected from the respondents. By doing different between inductive and deductive research approach, in deductive approach, there is huge possibility of unexpected result which reduce or slow down the goodwill. Theories are already presents in deductive research approach which cannot be possible in case of inductive research approach.