The Concept Of Reference Management As Seen The Eyes Of Author Dianne Ridley

In both developing and emerging economies, microfinance has vastly and increasingly been seen as one of the most important means for enhancing the lives of the poor and therefore a major tool for economic and social development mostly in rural areas. Lately, contrary to this widespread belief, critics have raised eyebrows against this growing popularity of microfinance as a major tool for enhancing economic development. Contrary to belief, they are of the opinion that microfinance is a ‘make-belief’ that is hindering economic and social development rather than enhancing it.

This statement clearly explains the essence of microfinance and its importance in the modern economy. Microfinance is a source of financial services and resources to the small entrepreneurs, villagers and less privileged section of the society. In December 2007, Forbes has brought out a special magazine on microfinance and has described microfinance as the next buzzword.

Micro credit is the process of helping the “poorest of the poor” obtain loans. Since big time banks rarely help people who need help acquiring loans, micro credit is another source that makes it possible for the lower class to achieve that. They focus on they call the “real economy,” where they are on personal relationships with their clients. They want them to succeed and help their clients change their own life. Compared to the big banks, they are not looking to make huge amount of interest back off their loan (paper chasers).

Microfinancing produces many benefits for poverty stricken, or low- income households. One of the benefits is that it is very accessible. Banks today simply won’t extend loans to those with little to no assets, and generally don’t engage in small size loans typically associated with microfinancing. Through microfinancing small loans are produced and accessible. Microfinancing is based on the philosophy that even small amounts of credit can help end the cycle of poverty. Another benefit produced from the microfinancing initiative is that it presents opportunities, such as extending education and jobs. Families receiving microfinancing are less likely to pull their children out of school for economic reasons. As well, in relation to employment,

According to Freeney & Murphy ( 2013) risk management is a process of risk identification, response development, risk evaluation, continuous observing and appraisal in order to reduce the risk of injury to patients, staff and visitors. Risk has been defined as “the chance of something happening that will have an impact on the achievement of organisational stated objectives,” HSE (2008) or “the effect of uncertainty on the objectives” ISO 31000 : 2009.

* Operational Risk: It includes all the major and minor processes taking place in the company. It included: trained Human Resources, strong IT Infrastructure, management and repair of equipments. The risk involved has low

Risk management is the term applied to a logical and systematic method of establishing the context, identifying, analyzing, evaluating, treating, monitoring and communicating risks associated with any activity, function or process in a way that will enable organizations to minimize losses and maximize opportunities. (Lecture notes)Risk Management is also described as 'all the things you need to do to make the future sufficiently certain'. (The NZ Society for Risk Management, 2001)

This essay would start by defining risk management capability and how risk maturity model can be used to assess and enhanced an organisation risk management capability. Then it will go on and discuss the importance of enterprise risk management and discuss the role of chief executive risk officer.

What is microlending? In simplest terms microlending is the lending of very small amounts of money at low interest, to low income people in urban and rural areas. It started forty years ago, when a person named Muhammad Yunus was visiting his family and his country Bangladesh which had recently become an independent country. Muhammad Yunus had left his home country then –East Bengal- when he was a child with his parents in search of a better future. He graduated from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, with a PhD in economics. Muhammad Yunus is the founder of Grameen Bank, the first non-profit organization to offer microfinance services in Bangladesh and in the world (New York Times). This bank showed the world on how little

Matthew A. Pierce defines microfinance as “an emerging market in the financial services industry, aiming to provide small loans to low-income clients or small entrepreneurs who are traditionally overlooked by the mainstream credit markets” (2013). Microfinance also includes microcredit which is just specifically lines of credit under the envelope of microfinance. Microfinance includes other services such as savings accounts, checking accounts and other basic financial services.

The microcredit is the extension of very small loans to those who are in poverty designed to spur entrepreneurship and the microcredit is defined below 25,000 Euros as a loan for business initiative and it is also have two groups which are micro enterprises and for disadvantaged people.

Risk Management—Contributing to frameworks and practices for identifying, measuring, managing and reporting risks to the achievement of the objectives of the organization.

Concept of risk, risk assessment, risk management and how uncertainty affects the process will be discussed.

Origin of microfinance in India antedates those of above by three millenniums, Moneylenders (providing loans from their own personal sources) (Moneylenders, n.d), Chit funds (a group of people under the organization of one person pay installments which can be daily, weakly, or monthly for a specific period of time, at the end of that time the pooled amount goes to the person in turn and this cycle continuous till every single contributor gets the full amount he contributed; Usually known as “Comati” in Pakistan)

Pakistan is an enormous business for microfinance industry which has tapped almost 2.6 million dynamic borrowers against 30 million focused on clients to a great extent dwelling in little urban areas and towns with no right to gain entrance to fiscal establishments. Microfinance area in Pakistan began with an expectation to fiscally encourage the underprivileged, while imitating accomplishment of comparative foundations from different parts of the world. At first these establishments were for the most part supported by multilaterals and universal Ngos which were leading neediness destruction ventures inside the nation. In any case, as of late the division has developed into a more economical plan of action, performing comparative capacity to a business bank, while staying correct to its order of giving monetary aid to poor people. Nonetheless, these half and half establishments still remain exceptionally helpless to the changing nature's turf, because of the micro introduction of these foundations. Rivalry and security around microfinance banks has expanded inside the part, which is a hint of something better over the horizon for the whole segment however banks ought to keep tabs on infiltrating in the untapped markets instead of rivalry with one another in the saved money regions. Remote immediate financing in microfinance segment is likely and positive for the nation and it is trusted that it will bring innovative progression and advancement in administrations for the