Before their independence, Brazil was under the rule of the Portuguese empire from the 16th century to the 19th century. The land was claimed in the name of the Kingdom of Portugal by the Spanish navigator Vicente Yáñez Pinzón, and was named Terra de Vera Cruz in 1500. The name changed in 1501 after an Italian navigator named Amerigo Vespucci brought a red wood known as brazilwood to the land. The general area has been known as Brazil ever since.
Colonization started in 1530 by the orders of Portuguese king John III. Each of the 15 sections Brazil was divided into was given to a prominent member of Portuguese Court. After King John III, Portuguese leadership fell to Philip II of Spain. Both the English and the Dutch were considered to be Spain’s inherent enemies, so both nations attempted several attacks on Brazil. They suffered primarily attacks from the Dutch to take over their land from 1624 to 1640 until Spanish rule was overridden by Portugal and made into a viceroyalty.
Brazil began its interest in independence when Cisplatine Province, later known as Uruguay, fought with the help of Argentina to overthrow Britain’s control. Brazil attempted to assist in the revolution to no avail. Brazil lost the battle in 1827, but Cisplatine Province still managed to gain its
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After Prince John VI inherited the Portuguese crown and increasingly lost favor with the Brazilian public, he designated his son, Dom Pedro, to be the regent of Brazil. With his help, the Brazilian public was able to begin their fight for independence and their separation from Portugal. Dom Pedro disobeyed his orders to return to Europe, and instead listened to Brazil’s rise in nationalism and assisted in their rebellion. The Portuguese surrendered in 1823, and Brazil began their difficult journey to becoming their own
It was therefore not “entirely by accident” that Spain was united under the same realm but the death of the Catholic Kings Portuguese dynastic ties that meant the Hapsburg dynasty and not the Portuguese dynasty was united under the Spanish crown, which as Isabella had predicted caused friction amongst Cisneros and Castilian nobles who resented Ferdinand fruitless attempts to produce an alternative Spanish heir. Failing to promote his more desirable Spanish grandson; Ferdinand to the
There was once a time when the Spanish, English, Portugal and others were conquering other countries and expanding their kingdoms for God, Glory and gold. In Latin America there were six social class the Peninsular, Creoles, Mestizos, Mulattoes, Slaves, and Indians. The Creoles wanted to be the top of the class because they were really from the Americas unlike the Peninsular but because they were from Spain. The rest of the people actually thought the Creoles were trying to gain, but they really wanted something to do in the government. So the real question is Latin America Independence: How Did the Creoles Lead the Fight? The three ways that the Creoles lead the fight were political,
Her parents were John II of Castile and Isabel of Portugal. She spent her first years in the company of her brother Alfonso, and her mother, a woman that had a passion for
Ferdinand became king later that year but he had no intention of being a constitutional monarch and wanted to be an absolute monarch with full power. General Rafael de Riego of Spain forced the constitution on Ferdinand in 1820. After this the french decided to step in in 1823 when a french army was sent to keep Ferdinand’s absolute power in Spain. While all of this was happening, Spain was loosing its colonies in the Americas.
fighting and accomplished overthrowing the Haitians the proximate year. On February 27, 1844 another attempt
First of all, Tiradentes is famous for his fight for freedom. At this time, Portugal dictated the rules that the Brazilian people needed to follow. All the production of food went to Portugal. Many people worked to Portuguese and did not earn a salary. The minerals that the country had when it were found, it went directly to the colony. Tiradentes organized a rebellion against Portugal. He wanted that the Brazilians fought against the Portuguese for achieving the freedom.
St. Domingue, what is now Haiti, was a place of sugar rich plantations owned by the french. A collection of rebel slaves started the Haitian Revolution in 1791,they were inspired by the French revolution. The successful revolts lead by general Toussaint L’Ouverture earned the slaves control over a third of St. Domingue. While the rebels maintained control of the place, they kept an alliance with France. Two years after Napoléon’s ambition came into power, he decides to send 30,000 soldiers to take St. Domingue back. Early in the continuing year, french forces dropped to less than 10,000 troops. Relations with Britain were dwindling fast, war was imminent, Napoléon’s decided to cut St. Domingue out of his plans. In 1803, the nation of Haiti gave Napoléon Bonaparte his first defeat. Part of Bonaparte’s plan
In processes of Independence in South American and Brazil happened very differently. In the Spanish American process of revolution there were lots of movements for rebellion (Chasteen:93). Many of the movements were set in motion when the king of Spain, Carlos IV, and Prince Fernando, were captured by Neapolitan (Chasteen:92). The colonies questioned the leadership of the Spanish crown. In Mexico, two priests sparked different rebellions. Father Miguel Hidalgo gained support from indigenous and mestizo people with the phrase “Americans versus Europeans” (Chasteen:96). This turned into rebellion against the Peninsulars and, unintentionally, creole since it was difficult for the fighters to tell them apart (Chasteen:96). Father José María Morelos
After the French arrived in Rio de Janeiro in 1808, King John VI gave Brazil the power over the Portuguese
The Peninsular War, would also overlaps with what the Spanish-speaking world calls the (Spanish War of Independence), which began on the May 2,1808 and ended on the April 17, 1814. The French occupation destroyed the Spanish administration, which fragmented into quarrelling segment of the Spanish government. In 1810, a reconstituted national government, the Cádiz Cortes. The British and Portuguese armies would eventually take control of Portugal. With this new found position the British and Portuguese would use this as a point of location to campaigns against the French army. They would also use this as a way to provide whatever supplies they could to the Spanish, so that the Spanish armies and guerrillas could tie down a sizeable amount of Napoleon 's troops.
But when his nephew, King Sebastian of Portugal, died he believed that it was his right to take Portugal because it was his nephew (Lewis, Jonathan). At this point he focused on expanding and the other European countries were concerned by this growth. But even with the new interest, Philip II decided to try something different. Now that he has more power, he was convinced that the Spanish Armada and the Spanish army in the Netherlands could take England and France down. He ended up taking France and giving it to his daughter, Isabella Clara Eugenia (Lewis, Jonathan).
In 1789, a man from the mountains of Brazil had an idea that would change his countries’ history. Joaquim José da Silva Xavier, also known as Tiradentes, had a clear goal: to obtain Brazil’s independence from Portugal. Both during his life, and long after his death, Tiradentes inspired Brazilians to fight for their freedom.
The first European people to settle in Brazil were the Portuguese. They came around the colonial era which was 1500. When the Portuguese got there, they found many native Indians. They reported almost seven million being there. The tribes that were there were not very civilized. They would participate in cannibalism and tribal warfare. As of today, there are less than 200,000 indigenous Brazilian people who live in the jungle and still participate in tribal rituals and traditions.
The majority of the population in Brazil is predominantly Pretos and Pardos; there are very few “white” Brazilians in Brazil. Pretos are people who a very dark skinned, “black”. Pardos are considered as people who are a little bit lighter, “brown”. Though there are few “whites” in Brazil, “white” Brazilians still feel they are superior and still have a control over Brazil.
Tired of financial and economic issues faced by Brazilians during the regime of Old Republic, the tenentes, who were the lower military officers that could intervene in the economic development, finally brought their rule to an end through the “Revolution of 1930” which “won the respect and loyalty of large elements of the civilian population in rural areas” (Duff 13), that also brings Getulio Vargas into the power. Tenentes, as already experienced the economy downfall during the regime of Old Republic, “wanted to overcome the country’s backwardness and dependency by installing a strong, interventionist state that promoted industrialization and national integration.” (Jens R. 4) By then Prestes, the organizer of Tenentes, who attempted to overthrow the government of Brazil in 1924 through