The Consequences Of FFI And SFI

Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder. It can have a devastating impact on one’s emotion, physical, occupation and social life. While it occasionally can be seen in the clinical setting as a primary diagnosis, it most often presents as a comorbidity to a medical or psychiatric issue;

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct research into narcolepsy and other sleep disorders in laboratories at the NIH and also support additional research through grants to major medical institutions across the country. The NINDS continues to support investigations into the basic biology of sleep, including the brain mechanisms involved in generating and regulating sleep. Within the National Heart, Lung, and Blood

In my paper, I will tackle insomnia from various perspectives: definitions, types, causes, effects, and means of solutions.

Sleep disorders alter ones sleep pattern and often results in the inability to either sleep or sleep soundly. They often cause you to feel restless, tired, fatigued, and irritable. It is estimated that nearly 75 percent of adult Americans experience sleep disorder symptoms at least a few nights per week. At the same time, sleep disturbances in some form are seen in as many as 25 to 30 percent of infants and children (“Sleep Disorders” 2013). Clearly a huge conundrum in the world, sleep disorders affect an inordinate amount of people. Millions of people suffer or have suffered from a sleep disorder at one point in their lives and if mistreated can impact organ systems functioning negatively. Physical disturbances, medical issues,

Ebben, M. R., & Narizhnaya, M. (2012). Cognitive and Behavioral Treatment Options for Insomnia. Mount Sinai Journal Of Medicine, 79(4)

Idiopathic insomnia is a rare form of chronic insomnia which is present from birth with no obvious cause and is thought to be a genetic disorder. Dauvilliers et al (2005) asked 256 primary insomniacs to complete psychometric questionnaires about family history and physiological recordings during sleep. They found that 73% of those with insomnia reported relatives with the disorder compared with just 24% in the control group. This suggests that the disorder is inherited.

Traditional treatments for chronic insomnia include drugs such as over-the-counter antihistamine preparations, with or without mild analgesics, benzodiazepine receptor agonists, sedating antidepressants, neuroleptics, melatonin, and herbal remedies such as valerian. The pharmacological advance has remained the most extensively used for decades, in spite of extensive concerns about long-term effectiveness, habituation, tolerance, and potential difficulties, especially in elderly people. Growing evidence suggests that non-pharmacological treatments, alone or perhaps in combination with drugs, produce clinically noteworthy and strong improvement. In looking at summary data about treatments, it should be noted, with some recent exceptions, outcome studies of pharmacotherapy are almost entirely restricted to brief treatment duration of less than 6 weeks. Even though little doubt exists about the helpfulness of hypnotic drugs for short-term treatment of acute insomnia, evidence shows that the effects of short-term pharmacotherapy trials degrade over time in patients with chronic insomnia. By contrast, cognitive-behavioural treatments are tough and robustly effective on long-term follow-up. In routine practice, pharmacotherapy and a variety of non-pharmacological interventions are sometimes united. Although clinical experience would seem to propose that this joint approach

The function of sleep is to promote restoration. The human body accumulates damages due to impact strain and from reactive oxygen species that damage cells and buildup during times of activity (Sleep-wake cycle, 2006). During sleep, most of the body's systems are in an anabolic state, helping to restore the immune, nervous, skeletal, and muscular systems (Sleep-wake cycle, 2006). Most of the body has restorative processes that can supplement the restorative processes that happen during sleep for long periods of time, but the brain is more reliant on regular intervals of sleep for restoration as quiescent restoration is insufficient (Sleep-wake cycle, 2006). When the body does not get enough sleep, most body functions work at diminished capacity. (Brain Basics, 2017). Sleep deprivation is defined as obtaining inadequate sleep to support adequate daytime alertness (Kryger, Roth, & Dement, 2005). The pathological effects of sleep deprivation can lead to undesirable physiologic

Carol Everson first recorded the affects of lack of sleep in 1989 based on work with rats. Her findings showed that all the mice that were deprived of sleep died within a month. She also showed that sleep does not need to be deprived entirely to be deadly, the deprivation of deep sleep (rapid eye movement or REM) would also cause the rats to die. In Italy, a case had been recorded of a man dying within a few months of developing familial insomnia. In his case, an autopsy was performed on his brain after death and neuron deterioration in the thalamus was found. They did not determine if the deterioration had caused his insomnia or his death. However, the cause of the deterioration was found, and that cause was linked to prions which cause spongy deterioration in the brain. While prions causing mad cow disease are ingested from the environment, the prions found in the man’s brain had been inherited and passed down within

"This has potential huge clinical relevance," de Lecea said. "Insomnia, a multibillion-dollar market for pharmaceutical companies, has traditionally been treated with drugs such as benzodiazepines that nonspecifically shut down the entire brain. Now we see the possibility of developing therapies that, by narrowly targeting this newly identified circuit, could induce much higher-quality sleep."

Treatments for narcolepsy are based entirely on the symptoms that manifest and though non-pharmacological therapy has been used, drug-based therapy is the backbone of most of the treatment arranged. In its early days, narcolepsy was treated with caffeine and other traditional stimulants but there uses become extremely risky to the heart at high dosages. Insulin-induced hypoglycemia was tried as well but it only showed small and temporary remissions. Mostly antidepressants are used to treat narcolepsy now, but there is still a lack of evidence that showing positive results[NarcRev]. As more research is done, and our comprehension of how the mind works and how it links with the body progresses, we may find better and more accurate treatments for this unique disorder. These results that specific chemicals of the brain are entangled in narcolepsy also opens new research paths in sleep research. Overall, narcolepsy is an often misunderstood and undiagnosed disorder and although not much is known about it, with additional research, the future of treatments and maybe even a cure can be

Fatal insomnia, categorized as either familial or sporadic, is an acknowledged rare form of prion disease. Patients express progressively debilitating symptoms which include insomnia, dysautonomia, endocrine disturbance, cognitive dysfunction, and motor abnormalities. A distinct feature of fatal insomnia is the selective atrophy of the thalamus. This and other known cellular changes in fatal insomnia illuminate the diverse functionality of particular brain areas. Similar symptomatic complications are expressed in patients suffering from non-fatal chronic insomnia and the anatomical links to such pathology have been explored. Such exploration helps to outline possible mechanisms of action in fatal insomnia and potential treatment therapies. Determining curative therapy for familial insomnia may rely on understanding the functionality of the thalamus, limbic system,

Sleep is one of the unavoidable daily-living activities and it is one of the most important factors contributing to a person’s health. A quality sleep is essential for the physical, cognitive and psychological well-being of a person. Learning, memory processing and maintenance of the brain are among the most important functions of sleep. In addition to maintaining the brain, sleep has important roles in controlling the

Many disorders and diseases can result from abnormal sleeping patterns that are triggered from sleep deprivation. The most common forms of sleep disorders include insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and narcolepsy (NINDS 10). All of these sleep disorders begin from sleep deprivation and can be managed once they are diagnosed correctly. According to Urban, “Nervousness, dizziness, and sleeplessness may occur”, as a result of sleep deprivation (1). This proves that the slightest health changes can occur if sleep deprivation becomes a problem. According to NINDS, “The disorders and the resulting sleep deprivation interfere with work, driving, and social activities” (10). This shows that the effects of being sleep deprived can drastically change one’s everyday

The often hectic and unpredictable lifestyles many American's lives have lead to about 30% of adults experiencing some form of insomnia, with 10% having it as a chronic condition. Insomnia is a condition where someone is unable to or stay in a state of prolonged sleep, and is divided into two types: Primary and Co-morbid. Most American's report working over 40 hours a week, on top of maintain other important relationships in their "off" hours, which can lead to a restful nights sleep taking a back seat. This isn't even getting into the millions with often painful and chronic health conditions, such as arthritis, affecting them on daily basis. The side effects of not being able to rest can vary from being a prolonged annoyance