The Consequences Of Mphanda Nkuwa

In letters written by the Manikongo, Nzinga Mbemba Afonso, to the King João III of Portugal, he talks about that the resources coming in through the merchants is what is making the trading successful. He requests the King only send missionaries and not send anymore merchandise.The letter reveals the anger and frustration between the African residents and the merchants. The African residents did not feel like they were being treated right and that they could have been treated a lot fairer then they were at the moment. This problem at the time was the beginning of racism between Europeans and African people. The Europeans felt they were superior to the Africans and thought they could treat them in a bad way because of that. Countries would try

The article “Down go the dams” by Jane C.Marks aim to provide an informative view on the current pending issue on Dams. The article starts out my mentioning the important nature of dams in our society. For example, Jane C.Marks states that today about 800,000 dams operate worldwide as well as the fact that most were built in the past century, primarily after World War II. Furthermore, the author lays down informative facts about dams such as the fact that dams control flooding and their reservoirs provide a reliable supply of water for irrigation, drinking and recreation which are all very important to society. In an economic standpoint, although it is very high maintenance dams provide jobs for people. The

off their land to be fracked, more and more people have their lands and livelihoods destroyed.

and productive, but what if isn't. Kariba Dam is one of many projects funded by World Bank in

According to a report from the World Bank in 2015, the Congo is “among the poorest countries in the world.” In contrast, a Congolese refugee of the Casement Report released in 1904 informed of the brutality their family were subject to by Belgian soldiers. They recounted that “We had to go further and further into the forest… without food… we starved….leopards killed some of us… and others got lost or died from exposure and starvation… soldiers said: ‘Go! You are only beasts yourselves.’” Additionally, another refugee from the same report disclosed that troops would “often kill the Congolese for the sake of rubber. Once, a soldier, pointing to a basket, said… ‘look, only two hands! That’s nothing… I brought the white man 160 hands.” The hands the soldier was referring to were those of the Congolese workers who labored in dangerous forests to find rubber. Indigenous people were denied sustenance, had their hands cut off for amusement, or were shot, at the whims of Belgian soldiers. The meager wages paid to the Congolese could not be collected while the worker was recovering from injury, which forced greater poverty to befall the people of Congo in the long run. When the injury was permanent, such as a severed limb, families lost the little income they had. As a result, many starved to death. This poverty was then handed down to further generations, creating a ripple effect that can still be felt today. Over half a century later, Congo is an acutely poor nation. This is the culmination of violence the Congolese faced during colonization. Without the cruelness of the Belgian colonists, families would have enough money to buy proper nutrition for themselves, and many more people would survive. Therefore, the end result of poverty in modern-day Congo is a direct consequence of the savagery inflicted upon the indigenous people during

The Tyranny of Experts: Economists, Dictators, and the Forgotten Rights of the Poor, a strong title followed by an effective introduction. William Easterly is a Professor of economics at New York University and Co-Director of the NYU development Research Institute also a previous World Bank Group employee. Easterly is an expert whose work The Tyranny of Experts is set to criticize experts. Easterly starts his book off with a story about twenty thousand local farmers in Ohio whose farms were burnt down and animals shot to death by soldiers to make room for commercial forestry, as they watched their family farms burn they were held at gun point by the soldiers and told “never come back” and “the land is no longer yours”. Of course there was a point to this story; if this had happened it would have caused political unrest and outrage among citizens it would have been in the media for days and covered worldwide. Although according to Easterly it did happen not in Ohio but in Mubende Uganda, and furthermore the incident was supposedly connected to a forestry project led by the World Bank who promised to investigate the issue but never did. In Easterly’s view this example is what is wrong with development; it is a top-down based approach that is technocratic and distant to the rights and freedom of individuals, all run by a tyranny of experts. Easterly then uses this story to introduce and support his main argument which is showed in this short passage among many:

It should be shift from economic of compensation to economic of resettlement with development, housing or proper land replacement, economic and social assistance programmes since displacement destroy previous means of livelihoods.

Fish makes up about 80 percent of protein (Where Have All The Fish Gone? Film) in the Khmer people’s diet, and the downstream impact of the Yali Dam has led to high toxicity levels in the streams that have killed off the fish. Not only does this affect their diets, but it also affects their economy, since fish is a main export of Southeast Asia. The Mekong River Commission estimated that $200 million of fish migrate up the Hou Sahong channel a year (Biard, Lecture). The Don Sahong dam would block this channel, which would impact thousands of people. This problem is a result of local resource use, since the purpose of this dam is to generate electricity specifically for Cambodia. Southeast Asia becoming so dependent on exports, such as fish, has increased the severity of this issue. According to page 404 in the textbook, during the 1970s and 1980s, many southeastern countries have shifted their focus to developing products that could be exported all over the world. Similarly to those demanding gold from Latin America, the corporations in charge of the dams care about benefiting from its profits. According to Baird’s article, the main objective of building the Don Sahong Dam is to generate revenue by exporting electricity to Thailand or Cambodia. Those who consider this Dam to be a problem would be the people of Cambodia and Laos who depend on the river for food and survival.

The purpose of this research paper is to discuss the water crisis in the region of Africa and how water can cause many other problems such as inadequate sanitation, poverty and diseases for the population. People living in third world countries are suffering from the water crisis that has become a major problem for the United Nations, World Health Organization, United Nations Children’s Fund, Millennium Development Goals and many of the other organizations. For some of these organizations have been successful in providing a bit more water through the years it’s still a working process. Water is essential for life, it’s not just for the body’s physical need; yet millions of people do not have access to clean water. The lack of accessible of fresh water contributes too many diseases such as HIV, AIDS, waterborne diseases, causing the death of millions of women and children annually in the region. This is making it harder for the communities to develop a safer home for their families and to improve the conditions of the country. This research paper will examine the problems, solutions and causes. How it all comes together, to contribute to this water crisis and to weather there is a solutions set by the United Nations, studies that have been conducted and other organizations, which can maybe work for the years to come. In addition, the same water problems are going to be discussed with regard to Africa for statics, examples and quotes done by the organizations in the past and

To minimize their suffering, the government, as it promised in January 2013, to relocate hundreds of thousands of internally displaced people (IDPs) from Mogadishu to designated camps outside the city to make way for reconstruction and development of the capital. Now we all witness the government broke its promise to transfer those displaced families to safer

The (M2 Presswire, 2015) reported that the Mozambique flood disaster of 2015 washed away over 12,000 houses and the death toll was 158 of which 134 from Zambezia and the remaining from Cabo Belgado, Niassa and Nampula. Initial assessment made by Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) estimated around 10,000 families (45,000 individuals) were displaced with the need of emergency life-saving shelter materials and related goods. The means and resources planned in the Contingency plan for rainy season exceeded the capacity of Mozambican government by large. The country suffered an immense humanitarian and economic damage (European Commission, 2015) .

“As of mid-2014, there were more than 2.8 million internally displaced persons and refugees. This violence and turmoil it creates has severely affected the agricultural livelihoods of the poor, reducing their capacity to produce and trade. As of 2006, more than 70 percent of the Congolese population lived below the poverty threshold of $1.25 a day” (Peace Direct, 2016).

Kiberia, Africa’s largest slums where one million people live, is an “eyesore” in the eyes of Kenya’s president Mwai Kibaki. The place is in an extremely bad sanitary condition, with horrible smell, unpaved narrow streets, mud shacks, rivers are being filled with sewage, and mountains of trash. This is an ideal image of developing-countries poverty in many westerners. Sara Candiracci, one of the members of United Nations Human Settlements Program, even has to utter, “It is not acceptable that Kibera exists.” Thus, the government and the United Nations join hands together to change this area through an experimental slum-upgrading program. This program is said to benefit and reshape

. Over 10 million Chinese have been relocated by dam-related projects throughout China’s history, 46% of them living in extreme poverty. Of the 1.2 million relocated so far by the Three Gorges Dam, 500,000 are peasant farmers, many of whom earn just 1/3 of the World Bank poverty level of $1 per day. The resetllers were not offered substantial compensation to cover the cost of new housing. Most were moved into to urban centres near Chongqing, or into the new cities built specifically for relocation, on steep unstable slopes that have now been determined unfit for development or farming**************

Construction of Badia East dam was one of the numerous water projects approved by the World Bank to help developing countries like Nigeria generate electricity. The World Bank channeled more than $40 billion aimed to boost electricity and water supplies and expand transport networks in some of the world’s poorest countries (Alois Berger 2013). Nigeria was one of such beneficiaries and this particular project was to be implemented by the state government.