The Consequences Of Operant Conditioning

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a mixture of both Cognitive Therapy (CT), which deals with a person’s thoughts and Behavioral Therapy (BT), which concentrates on an individual’s overt or outside personality. According to Barbara P. Early and Melissa D. Grady, CT specializes in the mental process that can affect an individual’s feelings and behavior, while BT is focusing on the external environment that can cause the behaviors, such as a stimulus (Early & Grady, 2016). The use of the two therapies together allows the

Addiction is thought of a biological nature that is past through genetics according to the biological theory as explained in P2. A contrasting theory of the biological theory would be the classical and operant conditioning theory, this was made by Pavlov. The basis of conditioning theories is that addiction is the end result of the reinforcement of drug use. The drug acts as a reinforcer and gains control over the user’s behavior. In contrast to the biological models of the exposure theories, these conditioning models suggest that anyone can show addictive behavior if they are given reinforcements, regardless of their genetics. The advantage of this

Classical and operant conditioning are two important concepts central to behavioral psychology. While both result in learning, the processes are quite different. In order to understand how each of these behavior modification techniques can be used, it is also essential to understand how classical conditioning and operant conditioning differ from one another. Both classical and operant learning are psychological processes that lead to learning. Here learning refers to the process by which changes in behavior, including actions, emotions, thoughts, and the responses of muscles and glands,

Operant conditioning comes with four types of consequences: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment. Positive and negative reinforcement has shown to increase associated behaviors while positive and negative punishment has shown to decrease associated behaviors. For example, positive reinforcement could be giving an autistic child candy when they are taught new things. Negative reinforcement could be placing a rat in a box to try and teach it to press the bar to release food but instead sends an electric shock. As for positive punishment, we could use the same rat and after repeated shocks he understand that when he presses the bar he will get shocked. For negative punishment, if the rat continues to press the bar his food will disappear. Non-associative learning changes the size of responses to a single stimulus rather than form a connection between stimuli. Non-associative learning is split into two subcategories: habituation and sensitization. Habituation lessens our reactions to repeated experiences while sensitization enlarges our reactions to a range of stimuli following exposure to one strong

Cognitive behavior therapy also referred to as CBT is one of the most practiced forums of evidence-based therapy used today. CBT approaches in therapy have demonstrated a high degree of success rates in treatment. CBT is known for treating anxiety, alcohol and substance abuse, and depression among many other difficulties one might experience (Padesky, 2012). Cognitive behavioral therapy maintains the belief that what people believe holds significant value. A person’s belief has a strong influence on how the person feels and acts upon those feelings (Corey, 2017). Around the mid-1970’s therapists started emphasizing the interaction between behavioral, affective, and cognitive dimensions which led to the

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a short-term, problem-centered therapy that is used to address psychopathology within the individual (Beck, 1995). This model of therapy is used to address issues of depression, anxiety, eating disorders, relational problems, and drug abuse, and can be utilized when working with individuals, as well as within group and family modalities. The core aspects of this therapy include collaboration and participation by the client, a strong alliance between therapist and client, and an initial focus on current problems and functioning (Beck, 1995). The theory of CBT emphasizes the relationship between the individual’s thoughts feelings and behaviors, which is seen as being the underlying cause of

In it's simplest form, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, (or CBT as it will be referred to from here on out), refers to the approach of changing dysfunctional behaviors and thoughts to realistic and healthy ones. CBT encompasses several types of therapy focusing on the impact of an individual's thinking as it relates to expressed behaviors. Such models include rational emotive therapy (RET), rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT), behavior therapy (BT), Rational Behavior Therapy (RBT), Schema Focused Therapy, Cognitive therapy (CT). Most recently a few other variations have been linked to CBT such as acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), dialectic behavioral therapy (DBT), and

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has assisted therapists in using in-session behavior as clinically significant towards behavior change. CBT will assess our thoughts and behaviors which are important to designate triggers and assist in relapse prevention (Futterman, R. et al., 2005). Relapse prevention is comprised of seven strategic groups: psychoeducation, identification of high risk situations, coping skills, life-style behaviors, self-efficacy, dealing with relapse, and drug monitoring (Rawson, R. A., et al., 1995). Psychoeducation is comprised of addiction-related topics with central issues revolving around addiction, brain chemistry, cues and cravings, addiction and family, a need for change, and comorbidity. This is typically taught in a class room or in a group discussion and may be further integrated during individual therapy sessions. Identifying high risk situations include identifying risk conditions (i.e. type of day, type of company, location, having money, boredom), behavioral warnings (i.e. compulsivity and impulsivity, stopping recovery, secondary drug use), cognitive warnings (i.e. recalling euphoric feelings, justification of drug use, drug dreams), and affective warnings (i.e. excitement and celebration, or depression and anger emotion previously associated with drug use). Through homework, individual therapy and group discussion clients are able to learn their own conditions associated with drug use (Rawson, R. A., et al.,

Operant conditioning has made a significant contribution into the development of psychology. However, as with most psychological theories, this theory it has its strengths and weaknesses. Nevertheless, operant conditioning, with both its positive and negative aspects, is very important in promoting learning of desirable behaviors or removal of undesirable

The premise of Cognitive behavioral theory (CBT) approach for substance abuse is if learning plays a significant role in developing and reinforcing drug issues; then it can play a role in eradicating the issues. In other words, drug additions are learned behaviors in which can be unlearned. Cognitive behavioral theory clinicians tailor treatment to fit the individual case while often using an integrated intervention approach. CBT is frequently used with other treatments such as medication for substance use, concurrent psychiatric disorders, self-help group, family and couple therapy, vocational counseling, parenting training etc. The intervention approach is brief, short term, structural, goal orientated, and solution- focused. Evaluation

Operant conditioning focuses on a system of reinforcement and punishers where actions will have a consequence (Skinner, 2016). In operant conditioning, behaviour that is reinforced will be strengthened while behaviour that is not reinforced will weaken with time (Skinner, 2016). There are three types of operants. The neutral operants that will neither increase nor decrease the chances of repeating a behaviour (Skinner, 2016). The reinforcers will increase the chances of repeating a behaviour (Skinner, 2016). The punishers will decrease the chances of repeating a behaviour (Skinner, 2016). Positive reinforcement strengthens a behaviour as an individual gains rewards through it (Skinner, 2016). Negative reinforcement strengthens the behaviour by removing an unpleasant consequence

Learning theories are the structural foundation used to label how information is processed, stored and encoded during learning. Retention of knowledge is subjective and influenced by outside factors such as, an individual’s cognitive ability to process or retain information. Other influences are environmental, emotional or preexisting experiences or associations (Andreassi, 2000). To gain a better understanding of behaviorism in correlation to learning theories it is crucial to understand and grasp the meaning of associative learning. This process involves the association between two stimuli or a behavior and a learned stimulus. Associative learning is divided in to two central techniques, classical conditioning and operant condition. Classical and operant conditioning are basic methods of learning and conditioning is used to adapt a behavior or association through a stimuli or consequence (Ciccarelli, 2012). While classical conditioning and operant conditioning are key elements in associative learning, they have significant differences. A clear contrast between the two theories is whether the behavior or response produced is considered to be voluntary or involuntary.

This type of Operant Conditioning is called positive punishment where you decrease and/or limit bad habits behaviors by adding an unpleasant outcome and/or consequence after the unwanted behavior. Now when you decide to stay

Operant conditioning is a type of learning which occurs through either receiving reinforcement or punishment for a behavior. This type of learning creates an association between a behavior and consequence for that behavior. The four types of operant conditioning are positive reinforcement, positive punishment, negative reinforcement, and negative punishment. If operant conditioning was used properly it could be used to solve a variety of social and resource dilemmas; especially in the case of the cattle ranchers and overgrazing.