The Constitutional Right Of Liberty Of Contract, By Franklin D. Roosevelt And His New Deal

In terms of the American political system, the most significant of the theories of the origin of the state is that of the ‘Social Contract”. Philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes, James Harrington, and John Locke in england and Jean Jacques Rousseau in France developed this theory in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Manifest Destiny is the belief during the 19th century, that the United States of America not only could, but was destined to, stretch from coast to coast. The idea of Manifest Destiny helped to fuel the war with Mexico and the removal of Indians from the United States. The American people and government lived by this belief. Manifest Destiny had many good results like the expansion of the American territory. It also had many poor results like the killing of Indians who were "in the way" of the belief of Manifest Destiny. The president that followed through with the belief of Manifest Destiny the most is that of James K. Polk. His war with Mexico and strong stand against the British about the Oregon territory solidified Manifest Destiny.

     America at the turn of the century was a very different place than it is today. The industrial revolution had set into motion a series of events that empowered and enriched some and nearly enslaved others. Theodore Roosevelt’s “Square Deal” was a necessary response to growing social unrest. A severely unequal distribution of wealth along with poor living and working conditions were leading workers and capitalists to increasingly extreme means. By enacting a large body of legislation intended to set right the wrongs in society and using whatever force necessary, Roosevelt avoided what could have been a popular revolution of the working

D. Roosevelt in 1933 in direct response to the unemployment, poverty and economic deflation caused by the Great Depression (Romer, 2003:2), was a system of policy adjustments for which “Keynesian economics form the basis” (Henretta, et al., 2011:368). Before Roosevelt’s election, President H. Hoover had adopted policies based largely on classical economics – an essentially laissez-faire approach which favoured minimal government intervention (Dautrich & Yalof, 2013:426). The “Keynesian View” (Parkin, 2009:634), adopted by Roosevelt, “attempts to alleviate the pain of economic downturns, hold down the unemployment rate, and boost the disposable income of the worst off” (Boix, 1997:816) with government-implemented policy at its

During both the Progressive era and the New Deal era, policies as well as programs were being created in an effort to assist the American public, specifically those living in poverty. Throughout the early 1900’s Roosevelt had strayed away from the typical laissez-faire policy and decided that the people would need to be guided by the government. “Wilsonian Progressivism” had also aimed at assisting the public with his “New Freedom Program” which consisted of antitrust legislation, banking reform as well as tariff reductions. After the stock market crashed in 1929, America had fallen into a Great Depression resulting in the unemployment of millions. Newly elected Franklin D. Roosevelt decided to present his

There are many ways in which the progressive era saw expansion and restriction of political and economic freedoms. In the progressive era, the economy grew enormously. But because America was changing from a rural society to more of an urban scene, industrialization occurred. As a result, businesses were booming, which jump started the economy. This was the beginning of the uprising of America’s economy during the progressive era. Big business essentially became in control of the economy, and this is where we see those restrictions. Because big businesses were in control of the economy, greed became an epidemic among businesses and corporations which resulted in unfair working conditions and unsteady shifts for the working class. It also created a larger gab between the working class and the business owners in terms of wealth. However, this did not last long as reform came. These victories helped shape the expansion of the economy of the progressive era, which included a minimum wage, predictable 8-hour work shifts, and better working conditions. The economy thrived in which more people sought jobs and retention rates in jobs rose due to the better working conditions.

The time period examined in this book is from 1933 through 1941. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s administration is shown to have made the economic factor a preeminent issue during his presidency. Those individuals highlighted by Hearden are: Cordell Hull, Adolf Berle, Pierre-pont Moffat, and Norman Davis. Americans besides those in President Roosevelt’s administration that had great influence were: John Foster Dulles, Thomas W. Lamont, George Peek, and James P. Warburg.

Hayek believed the economy should remain untouched and in times of trouble, with enough time, the markets would regain equilibrium. He also surfaced the ideas that increasing taxes led to discouragement of consumer spending. These ideas are viewed as flawed because during times of depression unemployment remains constant and there is so guaranteed time issues will resolve while the economy is trying to rebalance itself. No government regulation results in unfair monopolies of industries or businesses in the free market. This restricts modern liberal principles such as the equality of outcome. No government intervention is an ineffective way to structure the economy. It allows for numerous issues such as cheap labor, overpriced goods, non-equal wages. All issues could be resolved through government action and regulation. Hayek’s ideas can be closely ties with those of the Untied States president in 1981, Ronald Reagan. Reagan upheld a huge economic practice know as “Trickle-Down Economics”. This practice involved an attempt to redistribute wealth among different social classes. The government would cute taxes on wealthier citizens with hopes the wealth would trickle down in the economy through mass spending of the elite. This effect was never successful in practice, by cutting taxes for the rich it left them with a high concentration on wealth. This practice aimed at the wrong target and did not prevent relative poverty; it just increased the economic gap between the rich and poor. Both theory’s are evidently flawed and validate the need for a government to obtain economic responsibilities. Regulations ensure an equal ground for the mixed market, which is a key aspect in a stable economy. Modern liberal principles require government involvement to achieve economic

The American Promise is a speech created by President Lyndon B. Johnson. He created the Voting Rights Bill and he wants to present how the dignity of the nation is being challenged and that men and women of color are being harshly treated. He wants to create the image of equal and civil rights for everyone in America. The American Promise has the purpose to persuade the members of Congress to pass his bill to bring the nation together for the future of a nation.

The Great Depression was an economic and social blow to the American people, people were out of job, food, money and homes while society turned everyone against each other it was everyman for himself. President Franklin D. Roosevelt new deals were effect in providing jobs to the men of the families starting from the oldest to the youngest men in the family. The New Deal improved both the economic and social lives of the American people.

Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation is one of the most successful and influential documents in America’s history and throughout the world. Slavery in America had been a substantial part of its history since the early 1600’s and would eventually lead to be a very controversial topic throughout the country. It was an issue that divided the nation momentously into one of the bloodiest wars in world history where even further history would be made through the final abolition of slavery. The effects from the most imperative milestones would be everlasting and even to this day discrimination and segregation are still being felt. Abraham Lincoln is the most respected and significant President of the United States and through the Proclamation, its effects and its influences turned the course of American history forever.

Even though Hofstadter's view contradicts everything we have been told about Abraham Lincoln he was still a historical figure that made such an impact on American History. One document he wrote that made a big impact on America was the Emancipation Proclamation. The proclamation stated "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." Abraham Lincoln published the first Emancipation Proclamation on September 22nd, 1862. It stated that if the Southern states did not stop their rebellion by January 1st, 1863, the Proclamation would go into effect. When the Confederacy did not back down, Lincoln released the final Emancipation Proclamation on January 1st, 1863, as the United States approached

In the year 1776, when the 13 American colonies gave to the world their famous Declaration of Independence, there was a captain of Virginia militia living in Rockingham County named Abraham Lincoln. He had a 210-acre farm deeded to him by his father, John Lincoln, one of the many English, Scotch, Irish, German, Dutch settlers who were taking the green hills and slopes of the Shenandoah Valley and putting their plows to unbroken ground long held by the Indians. These Lincolns in Virginia came from Berks County in Pennsylvania and traced back to Lincolns in New England and Old England. There was a strain of Quaker blood in them; they were a serene, peaceable, obstinate people. Abraham Lincoln had taken for a wife Bathsheba Her-

The Fair Deal was an enthusiastic program put forward by Truman in his State of the Union address. With the Fair Deal, Truman’s administration established over 200 programs regarding civil rights, health, welfare, education, labor, housing, veterans, and agriculture. Truman also signed the Employment Act of 1946 into law. This act put unemployment and inflation under the responsibility of the federal government. This puts pressure on the government to promote as much economic efficiency as possible. It also created the Council of Economic Advisors to provide presidents with economic advice and analysis. This is beneficial for the president making sure that they are making the best decision with their economic policy based on the judgment of a credible source. During Johnson’s presidency, he spent twenty times more money on the never-ending war abroad than he did on combating poverty within the United States’ borders. Nixon’s economic philosophy was “New Federalism”, which distributed a portion of federal power to state and local governments. This philosophy creates an added financial burden to these state and local governments, who now have to tend to the programs that the federal government has placed under their care. Ford’s presidency had the highest rates of unemployment and inflation yet in the post World War II years. While Ford focused on “whipping

On July 2, 1964, President Lyndon Baines Johnson of Texas signed a civil rights bill. He believed that discrimination around the world should be prohibited, or banned. Johnson, as a U.S. senator, felt that he could help protect the civil rights, by signing the bill. Today, many people still are determining if President Johnson signed the bill to help him win the Presidential election, or if he did it because he felt that it was the right thing to do. There are a few documents to help us find out….