The Correlation between Child Maltreatment and the Development of Antisocial Personality Disorder

Department of Health and Human Services, 2016). However, as with any hypothesis for what shapes personality, antisocial PD is believed to be rooted in nature – genetics – and nurturing – environmental factors. A child could even be born with a gene linked to antisocial PD and it would not become prevalent unless a traumatic experience occurs in their life (Mayo Clinic, 2013).

Childhood maltreatment is a prevalent problem through out the world. As a child grows and matures the brain continues to develop according its experiences. During this time sensitive periods of development for different areas of the brain. A few areas that are of interest are the stress-influenced areas, which are at an increased risk for developmental problems when exposed to maltreatment. The extra stress from such exposures can influence abnormalities throughout the brain, which have been linked to structure changes with in the corpus callosum, anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal, orbitofrontal cortex, and hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum, as well as changes to stress related hormone systems. These structural changes are associated with an increased risk of psychopathology and other life long educational and physiological risk.

Antisocial personality disorder is typically categorized by a disregard for and a violation of others rights. However, there has been an ongoing debate over the cause of the disorder. Psychologists have studied how both nature and nurture have played roles in how an individual develops antisocial personality disorder. For instance, many researchers have noted that nurture may play a role in the cause of the disorder, citing that neglect, harsher parenting, and greater neighborhood deprivation predicted antisocial behavior (Luntz, B. K., & Widom, C. S., 1994; Shaw, Hyde, and Brennan, 2012). Similarly, parenting and maternal depression have been signs of antisocial behaviors (Shaw et al., 2012). While other studies have focused on the biological nature of the disorder. For instance, antisocial personality disorder has been linked to variation in the frontal lobe functioning (Deckel, Hesselbrock, and Bauer, 1996), a reduction in prefrontal grey matter (Raine, A., Lencz, T., Bihrle, S., LaCasse, L., & Colletti, P., 2000). Although the literature appears to be divided between environmental and biological precursors for antisocial personality disorder, more current research has begun to examine how nature and nurture are contingent factors of antisocial personality disorder. Rather than either nature or nurture affects the development of antisocial personality disorder, it is possible that the two interact.

Sadly, there are millions or children from around the world who encounter some form abuse. The abuse Dave encounter was physical, emotional abuse, and neglect from his mother. It is currently believed that factors that may increase the likelihood of developing antisocial behavior are child abuse and having an alcoholic parent. These factors are considered to be independent of each other, but may also be interactive in their effect on behavioral development (Pollock).

The importance of Childhood Trauma is associated with the way children react later on in their life, as it plays an important role. There are several different types of maltreatment that are associated with abuse that can harm the child in the long run. Any type of physical abuse, emotional abuse or sexual abuse contributes to the negative affects that can change the child’s personality. If the child’s parents obtain physical neglect or emotional neglect, it can factor in changing a child’s moods, as it causes them to change into a different person. This experience causes them to develop different types of personality disorders such as Antisocial, Borderline, Narcissistic, Paranoia, Schizoid, and Schizotypal. Many children are affected through the terrible experience which develops mistrust in the world, and later causes them to turn against society because of the constant neglect that is inflicted onto them.

The safety and security of many children across the world are in danger due to physical abuse. Child abuse has been linked to an assortment of changes in the brain which result in psychological, behavioral, and academic problems. While it is unclear whether the population that had been maltreated as children is accurate, physical maltreatment in the first 5 years of life places a child at risk for a variety of psychological and behavioral problems during adolescence. The following three literature reviews attempts to prove and support the premise.

The kind of environment a child grows up around or in has a great affect on their behavior. Human learning is somewhat a continuous reciprocal interaction of cognitive, behavioral, and what I stated early environmental factors. This type of learning is called observational learning, this is where the child observes and imitates the behavior of adults or other children around them. Another environment is the family environment, the stability of a household has a big affect on a child’s behavior. A child that has endured a parental separation, neglect, or has been abused in any way is where you can find these types of behavior. In many studies that are possing in today’s study set goals that test many different interactive involvements between themselves and their parental relationship quality. It is said that children with antisocial beliefs and bad attitudes show a different social contextual interaction with others. Showing more of aggression and delinquent behavior that brings a more

According to research antisocial disorder causes violent acts in children of a young age. Review of literature indicates that antisocial personality disorder is a mental condition in which a person has a long-term pattern of manipulating, exploiting, or violating the rights of others. This behavior is often criminal (Berger, 2014). It has been said that people who have experiences a traumatic event in their life many develop antisocial personality disorder, which can also cause them to be very violent (Black, 2013). Researchers say they don’t know for sure what causes this disorder. Many state that how the person interacted in their early years around family and friends can be a major factor to this disorder (Gorhol, 2014). The environment they grew up in such as substance abuse, child abuse, or neglect has been said to be linked with antisocial personality disorder (Black, 2013).

Trauma affects more than twenty-five percent of children in America every year (NCMHP, 2012). This astounding statistic implies that multitudes of individuals are now dealing with the chronic results that these traumas induce, one reoccurring result being personality disorder. The purpose of this paper is to find the connections between the severity of childhood trauma and the personality disorders that can come from it. The purpose of this paper is to find the connections between the severity of childhood trauma and the personality disorders that can come from it. Findings indicate that if children are exposed to long-term trauma during their developmental stages, they are at a higher risk of a personality disorder; these results can be seen through childhood and brain development of those undergoing sever trauma. Both findings can help answer the overall question of how these two saddening occurrences intertwine and possibly, how to prevent them.

An estimated heritability rate of 40-50% was found in retrospective reports. Plus, a considerable amount of evidence of prospective reports showed 40-70% of heritability rate in genetic influence in boys and girls with symptoms of conduct disorder (Dick et al. 2011). Genes contribute to half of the variance in antisocial behavior, and the other half is distributed to the non-shared environment (J. C. Barnes and Bruce A. Jacobs,2013) Molecular genetics has already produced a plethora of insights into these links. For example, certain genetic polymorphisms have been associated with various antisocial behaviors such as ADHD, childhood conduct disorder, and adulthood violent

Juvenile justice system in the US focuses not only in disciplining juvenile offenders but also in trying to come with factors which accelerate these offences. This is with the aim of avoiding these problems in future and also trying to identify the most effective methods of handling juvenile offenders. One of the main causes of delinquency is maltreatment, especially during the early stages of life. This has been identified as the main risk factor for delinquency among children. However, there are variations in maltreated children who later become juvenile delinquents. Recent studies show that a significant percentage of children who are abused do not necessarily become juvenile delinquents. This proves that there are other factors which

Antisocial behavior is a problem that arises from the combination of several factors among which the behaviors at school, drug use, alcoholism, antisocial relationships with peers, emotional disorders, abuse, and family problems among other situations make the individuals vulnerable to develop it (Jaffee, Strait & Odgers, 2012). There is a number of literature that suggest that antisocial personality disorder is highly associated with psychopathy. In order to understand antisocial personality disorder, we first need to understand what it entails. This research paper will discuss the different aspects involved in antisocial personality disorder also known as (ASPD). The categories to be discussed are: historical context, diagnostic description, etiology, treatment, summary and discussion.

Childhood is an exceptional and progressive time of physical, behavioral, cognitive, and emotional development (Cozolino, 2010). The brain and its biological stress system are genetically programmed and influenced by early experience. Trauma has developmental consequences on children. Developmental traumatology research is “systemic investigation of the psychiatric and psychobiological impact of the overwhelming and chronic interpersonal violence on the developing child” (De Bellis, 2001, p. 539). It combines frameworks from developmental psychopathology, developmental neuroscience, and stress and trauma research (De Bellis, 2001). Child maltreatment experiences can be defined as neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and witnessing of domestic violence or community violence and these may be the most common causes of interpersonal traumas in children and adolescence (De Bellis, 2001).

According to McCord, Widom, and Crowell (2001), recent research on normal child development and the development of delinquent behavior have found that individual factors, social factors, environmental or communal factors can all influence individual’s behavior. There is also evidence of antisocial or delinquent behaviors resulting from various genetic, biological, and environmental factors that could be effected from the time the fetus first begins developing (McCord, et al., 2001). Identifying genetic abnormalities

A traumatic childhood may predispose a child to violence against themselves or against others, in adolescence or adulthood. This information is and has been off the records, but so far no known relationship between the magnitude of traumatic experiences and different forms of violence at puberty. A study published in Pediatrics, which involved 136,549 U.S. students between 12 and 17 has been commissioned to evaluate this relationship. The researchers sought to determine six adverse experiences for which they had passed the boys in childhood and physical and sexual abuse, witnessing abuse or problems at home by alcohol or drugs taken by a relative. Then he saw the violent behavior at puberty: crime, harassment, bullying, dating violence,