The Cotton Gin: Slavery In The 19th Century

Although the use of humans was not much of a bad idea, after a certain time period, humans would not have enough energy to keep up their speed and pace. They would eventually end up extremely fatigued, whereas the use of a machine, would eliminate such issues. There was a high demand for cotton, which meant that the use of these devices were more convenient.

Before the cotton gin was invented, picking and processing cotton was a very difficult and tedious task. It would take a long ten hours for slaves to separate the seeds from the cotton fibers from only one pound of cotton(a turn of a crank). With cotton being so difficult to process, the demand for cotton was very low, wool was used instead. Also the dependency on slaves was not high either due to the lack of crops needing to be harvested. This all changed when Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin.

The industrial revolution was a time of great change in Europe. Many of those changes were brought about by mechanical inventions that greatly increased efficiency by which raw materials were processed. "While working in the sciences and tinkering with mechanics, a few people were able to come up with new ways of doing things. New machines were invented" (MacroHistory and World Report) Three significant machines that were invented during this time period that greatly increased the cotton industry were the cotton gin, the spinning jenny, and the power loom. Since cotton was one of the major cash crops exported by the colonies to England, it is important to understand these inventions in order to grasp the changes brought about by this trio of machines on the cotton industry.

The majority of the slaves were employed in agricultural areas in the South. By the mid-19th century, a large number of slaves worked in urban areas as well, and about 5% worked in more industrial occupations. The hours of the slave workers were long. The average life expectancy of African slaves was at least 12% lower than whit Americans in 1850 and the infant mortality rate was 25% higher for slaves. Oftentimes slave marriages and families dissolved due to separation. This concept is horrible when you take under consideration that family was the entire basis of African culture.

Buckets were placed in these compartments for bathroom uses and other necessary uses (). Slaves that were placed far from these buckets had difficulty in reaching them because of the number of other slaves around them (Falconbridge, 1788). This situation would cause slaves to release themselves where they were and would cause several health issues and diseases to arise (Falconbridge, 1788). Later on in his account, Falconbridge describes the upkeep of the slaves on the voyages. The slaves were usually fed twice a day, but on most other ships they were only fed once (Falconbridge, 1788). Their food would be severed in small buckets and slaves would be placed in groups of ten for each bucket (Falconbridge, 1788). “Upon the Negroes refusing to take sustenance, I have seen coals of fire, glowing hot, put on a shovel and placed so near their lips as to scorch and burn them. And this has been accompanied with threats of forcing them to swallow the coals if they any longer persisted in refusing to eat.” (Falconbridge, 1788). Upon the resistance of the obligations of eating, slaves were extremely punished for disobeying and these punishments were severely cruel and inhumane. Slaves were forced to obey the slave owners no matter what the situation was. Slaves were even forced to exercise which would aid in the upkeep of their health (Falconbridge,

Before the Civil War, the “Old South” lived by the regimes of slavery with white’s superior

The different treatments slaves received from their masters may have been caused by the different environments they were living in. After moving from the country to Baltimore, Douglass observed that slaves living in urban surroundings were treated differently from slaves living on plantations. Douglass notices that “a city slave is almost a freeman, compared with a slave on the plantation. He is much better fed and clothed, and enjoys privileges altogether unknown to the slave on the plantation” (Douglass 32). These differences can be seen through the experiences of George Womble and Douglass. Mr. Womble, a slave who lived on a plantation in Clinton, Georgia, says that “slaves on the Womble plantation were treated more like animals rather than like humans” (Womble 12). Children ate from a trough and shared meals with the animals, and his master would whip slaves “just to give himself a little fun” (Womble 2). Slaves were also punished unjustly. For instance, when he was sent off to complete an errand, Mr. Womble “stopped to eat some persimmons [instead]…of returning immediately” (Womble 13). As a result, his master “started beating him on the head with a wagon spoke” until “his head was covered with knots the size of hen eggs and blood was flowing from each of them” (Womble 13). This brutal treatment would not be accepted in the city. In urban areas, masters have “a sense of shame that does much to curb and check those outbreaks of atrocious cruelty so commonly enacted

In the 1790’s the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney sparked an increase in cotton production in the South. The cotton gin decreased the labor time it took to pick seeds from the cotton. Slave owners moved or sold their slaves to deep Southern states

In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, a machine that removed seeds from cotton fiber. The cotton gin had a very important impact on society and economy. It was a basic, uncomplicated invention, yet, had a major effect during the Industrial Revolution (the change from an agrarian society to one based on industry which began in Great Britain and spread to the United States around 1800). The inventor, Eli Whitney, was encouraged by the system of free enterprise, the freedom of private businesses to operate competitively for profit with minimal government regulation, to invent a machine that would remove cotton seeds from cotton quickly. As a result, he invented the cotton gin which basically removed seeds from cotton in a fast and

House slaves were given nicer clothing to wear, as to be presentable in the home, while field slaves often received merely a “homespun shirt that was made on the plantation”. Clearly, a distinction can be made between then house slave and field slave and although one might conclude that the house slave was treated better it truly depended on the plantation owner and his or her treatment of the slave.

When one travels in the country they learn the differences in the way people act or the way they are treated. Moving from Colonel Lloyd’s plantation to Baltimore, Frederick experienced the difference in how country slaves and city slaves were treated. 10. “A city slave is almost a freeman, compared with a slave on the plantation. He is much better fed and clothed, and enjoys privileges altogether unknown to the slave on the plantation. There is a vestige of decency, a sense of shame, that does much to curb and cheek those outbreaks of atrocious cruelty so commonly enacted upon the plantation.” (64-65). Slaveholders in the city took pride in treating their

Eli Whitney's machine was the first to clean short-staple cotton. His cotton engine consisted of spiked teeth mounted on a boxed revolving cylinder which, when turned by a crank, pulled the cotton fiber through small slotted openings so as to separate the seeds from the lint -- a rotating brush, operated via a belt and pulleys, removed the fibrous lint from the projecting spikes.

     Eli Whitney's machine was the first to clean short-staple cotton. His cotton engine was made of spiked teeth that were on a revolving cylinder which when turned by a crank, pulled the cotton fiber through small openings to separate the seeds from the lint.                                    L-ter on, the gins became horse-drawn and were powered by water. As a result, the cotton was being produced at a much faster pace. The price of cotton also decreased. Cotton soon became the number one selling good.

First, the cotton would be put in the top of the machine which was called the conveyor. After that a worker, who in the 1800’s was usually a slave, would turn the handle which led the cotton into wired teeth. Larger cotton gin’s were usually run by horse power. These “teeth” would usually acts as a comb which would take out as many seeds as possible from the cotton. Most of the time there would still be a few seeds still inside

Examination of the Slave Experience Most African Americans of the early to mid-nineteenth century experienced slavery on plantations similar to the experiences described by Frederick Douglass; the majority of slaves lived on units owned by planters who had twenty or more slaves. The planters and the white masters of these agrarian communities sought to ensure their personal safety and the profitability of their enterprises by using all the tactics-physical and psychological-at their command to make slaves obedient. Even Christianity was manipulated in a way that masters communicated to their slaves that God had commanded them to obey their masters. Hence, by word and deed whites tried to convince