The Country Of Peru : Peru

The Incan Indians started as a small tribe in South America in pre- Columbian times. According to Lin Donn, author on the website, Inca Empire for Kids Quick History, “The Inca empire started as a small tribe who lived in the village of Cuzco, high in the Andes Mountains of South America. One day, another tribe tried to conquer them. Thanks to

The most significant physical geographical factor that contributed to the development of the ancient South American society of the Incas was the Andes Mountains. The Inca Empire had villages and cities throughout the Andes Mountains. Some of these settlements were as low as sea level and their capital, Cusco, was at an altitude of 11,200 feet. The Andes are considered some of the longest and highest mountain ranges. In fact it’s tallest peak, Mount Aconcaqua, in Argentina, tops out at 22,841 feet (Zimmermann, 2013). Despite the fact that people were traversing mountains the people flourished creating trails, aqueducts and agricultural practices that still exist today.

Peru is much smaller in land mass and population and is unique in its culture. The history of the country is interesting; Peru was once part of the Incan Empire, the largest Native American Empire in the world. It started in Peru and made allies with other tribes to get to its massive size. The empire got about eight to ten million people before Francisco Pizarro came with his conquistadores. Francisco Pizarro started his conquest on 1531 and ended it in 1534. On July 28, 1821, Peru proclaimed its independence, but the Spanish were not finally defeated until 1824. The Mexican Native Americans known as the Aztecs were more cruel when expanding. They would raid other tribes and murder or sell off the people. They got to around 5 million inhabitants before Hernandez Cortez came and destroyed the empire with his army of Spaniards .

1. Before Francisco Pizarro began the Spanish conquest in 1532, the Incan empire dominated the Andes Mountain region. An emperor who demanded strict obedience ruled the land. All business was run by the state, which could draft citizens for its projects. The Inca, terracing the landscape and irrigating the crops, farmed the mountainsides. The Inca were brilliant engineers, whose roadways included bridges. The city of Machu Picchu is an example of their skill with tools like the plumb bob and wooden roller, which they used for in heavy construction. Hundreds of years after their civilization was subdued by the Spanish, the descendants of the once-dominate Incas make up about 50 percent of Peru’s population.

In 1500 C.E., the Inca Empire was the biggest, wealthiest civilization in Mesoamerica. They ruled over a diverse area of mountains and rainforest, some 2,500 miles in length. It is also one of the more well known civilizations. But did you know that there was a civilization considered a predecessor to the Inca? That civilization is Tiwanaku. The tiwanaku Empire started around 300 BCE and ended in 1000 CE. They were located near the west border of Bolivia. The artifacts that they had were pillars and stone structures where they think they had ceremonies. They also had small temples and altars.

The Inca became a tribe in 1200 B.C., in the Cuzco area of southwestern Peru. The other names for the Inca’s were/are Inka, Tahuantinsuyu, or Tawantinsuyu. The Inca’s worshiped gods and nature. They believed in omens and their dreams. the Incas called themselves “ the Children of the Sun.” Around 1438 C.E, under the command of Emperor Pachacuti, the Inca defeated the neighboring Andean tribes. The Inca’s soon laid out the foundations of the Inca Empire.

When people think of Peru they don’t imagine in depth about the exploration of Peru and how it was cultivated as the country it is to this very day. One person important to the findings of Peru was an explorer and conquistador that go by the name of Francisco Pizarro and his exploration and conquering of Peru. The foundation of the culture, such as traditions, customs, and religion during the findings of the conquest are vital to knowing how this impacted Peru. Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire with only two hundred men compared to the Incas that had thousands but the culture of Peru still survived even after the conquest.

Manco Capac began teaching his people how to cultivate and irrigate while Mama Ocllo began teaching her people spinning, weaving, and sewing (Kalman). Although this was the story that was passed by mouth through generations after generation in the Inca empire the actual truth turns out to be a little different then told. Around 1250 the unknown tribe of the Inca came to the Valley of Cuzco after leaving Lake Titicaca, which archeologists think is the Inca original home. Once the Inca got to the Valley of Cuzco they found out that they were not the first to discover it.

When the Spanish arrived at the Incan borders in 1528, the Incan empire spanned a great distance, from Ancs Maya, Blue River, in Southern Columbia to the Maule River in Chile. The Inca Empire originated from a tribe based in Cuzco under the rule of Pachacuti, the Incan leader from 1438 to 1471/1472, Cuzco soon ended up being the capital of the Empire. Pachacuti’s would later rule the empire.

The Incas were most notable for establishing the inca empire in pre-columian america, Which was centered in what is now Peru from 1438 to 1533 C.E. and represented the height of the Inca civilization. The Inca state was known as the kingdom of cusco before 1438.

Peru is a country that has diverse regions ranging from plains to mountainy regions and also the rain forest jungle. It offers a wide variety of sites to its visitors and especially Peru is famous for the family adventures. And every visitor who wishes to go for the adventure with his family must introduce to the Amazon Jungle and Machu Picchu in Peru to his kids where each family member will enjoy the wild life scenes and exploring the valley.

Words of the couple teaching civil living concepts spread and attracting new member which started the Inca empire. The Inca empire started expanding because of their ability to be organize and separated each of their tactics and abilities into groups. According to Hunefeldt, The Incas had political, social policies, ideological-religious underpinning and the Inca cosmology which worked together to make the expansion of the empire well controlled. Over time it became clear to Capac that the empire was too big for the valley of Cuzco and he started expanding which started portraying the Incas in a less peaceful imagine. Christine Hunefeldt stated in a brief history of Peru, “According to the legend, the first Inca realize that the valley of Cuzco was not large enough for all his new followers; Manco Capac therefore trained some of his men in the arts of war……so they could convince unwilling neighbors by force” (Hunefeldt 14-15).

The country I am doing is Peru. Peru happens to be my home country. I was Born there and lived there for about four years. On the map of the world, Peru is located in the west of South America, and has borders with Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia and Chile. In 1532, a man by the name of Francisco Pizarro, found and conquered Peru, but he was not the first man to be on Peru. According to, www.biography.com, “Incas have been living on peru since the beginning of time.” The flag of Peru, is one of the most important symbols of Peru. It has a red, white, red, pattern with an shield in the middle of it. In this writing, I am going to write about the three symbols that are inside of the shield, and explain how they are not just pictures.

Who knew learning about the culture and customs of Peru in just a short amount of time would be so interesting. The amount of knowledge gained when linking with ESAN University lead to the eagerness to learn more. There are many similarities and difference to America, that make Peru a unique country of its own. Although the country is smaller than many others, it has such a great diversity related to the important aspects of life.

The present day country of Peru today is nothing like the Peru during the 1200 through 1519. Before the conquistadors arrived in Peru, a group of natives called the Incas had existed there. The Incas had lived in the Inca Empire between 1200 to 1532, which was created by Manco Capac. Manco Capac was a person who was deemed to be cultural hero according to Inca mythology.["Peru History Timeline."] The mostly known ruler of the Incas was Pachacuti who had been known for gaining territory for the empire. During this time, Pachacuti was not the ruler of Inca empire but in fact his father, Viracocha was emperor. Pachacuti had done this due to the fact that the Inca’s rival, the Chanca Indians were invading the empire. The legendary battle of Cuzco