The Coxsackie Virus

Hand hygiene practices are important thing to infection prevention and control practice. As health provider especially ED staff or front liner, to follow hand washing protocols is necessary in any situation. According Practice Standard (2009) four major elements to preventing practice; hand washing, protective barriers, care of equipment and health practice of nurse. Cite from Health Promotion Agency for Northern Ireland, scientists has found around 45% of infections can be prevented by washing hands regularly. MOH (2010) increasing in hand-washing compliance by

After one to two days, sores may develop on the palms of your hands, the soles of your feet, and between your fingers and toes. In some cases, they also develop on the buttocks and genitals. The sores last for about three to six days and may be itchy and uncomfortable. They are smaller than chicken pox sores.

Spread occurs via oral, vaginal, and anal sexual contact through the routes of penis-vagina, penis-mouth, penis-anus, mouth-vagina, and mouth-anus. During childbirth, infants contract the infection in the birth canal resulting in bilateral conjunctivitis. Intimate contact is required to infect another person, therefore, the myth of contracting the disease by toilet seats is a myth.

Dirty hands is the common source of spreading infection. It is very important to keep hands clean to avoid getting infected and spreading infection in the community. It is important to wash hands to keep hands clean. There are two ways to keep hand clean, one way is wash hands with soap and warm water while rubbing hands together for minimum 15 to 30 seconds. Indication of washing hands with soap and water is when hands are visibly dirty, before and after eating, feeding, using the toilet, after coughing or sneezing, after using gloves, taking care of patients. There is also second way to clean hands, but it is advisable to wash hands with soap and water all the time, but it can ignore when soap and water is not available so it is okay to use hand gel or foam in the form of sanitizer. This helps to clean hands or kill germs when hands are not visibly dirty.

The importance of proper hand hygiene has been known for many years. “It has long been an established fact that one of the most dangerous agents in the transfer of bacteria is the human hand with its five fingers…Such being the case, pray let us teach our students to wash their hands and see to it that they

| Usually caused by a virus, can be spread in much the same way as the common cold.Children can also become infected if they have contact with fluid from the blisters or saliva of someone who is infected.

Chickenpox is highly contagious it is easily passed between families and school classmates through airborne particle droplets in exhaled air fluid from the blisters or sores. It can be transmitted indirectly by coming into contact with article of clothing and other item exposed to fresh drainage from open sores.

Pathogens are most easily spread in the school environment since there are so many people inclosed in one place, using many of the same learning tools. When people are messing around and “wrestling” one another in the hallways, hugging each other, or even giving someone a high-five, these

Toddler-hood is a good time to start teaching the correct method to get those little hands clean and germ free. Get them in the habit of washing their hands before you start potty training and you'll have one less thing to deal with.

It is most likely to be passed on from a person infected to another during the time the person feels ill and up to 3 days after symptoms have passed. A person can become infected if they accidentally consume stool or vomit from an infected person by eating or drinking foods or liquids that are contaminated, touching surfaces or objects that are contaminated and not washing hands, or coming in contact with an infected individual. It is more likely to spread in close quarters such as daycare centers, nursing homes, schools, and even cruise ships. The most common period for outbreaks is from November to April.4

This virus is generally transmitted from infected to non-infected individuals through small water droplets released from the infected individuals through coughing, sneezing, and/or contact with mucus and other infected secretions. This virus can withstand living in the small water droplets, outside the host, on many household surfaces for up to two hours. The incubation period for this host averages from one to two weeks, with the virus replicating inside the host, but no symptoms occurring. It is only until four days before the rash appears, and four days after the rash is gone that this virus is

It is also very transmissible through shaking hands, and handling something that a person with infected with pyogenes has touched. These are the most common ways to contract Strep. throat. (2,3)

SARS appears to spread by close person-to-person contact. It is thought that transmission is most readily occurred through respiratory droplets. These can be produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes. These droplets are propelled through the air and are deposited on the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, or eyes of a person that is nearby. It is also possible that the virus can spread when a person touches a surface or object contaminated with infectious droplets and then touches their mouth, nose, or eyes. Furthermore, it is possible that SARS-CoV might be airborne spread or by other methods that are not yet known.

     Person to person transmission can occur through poor hygiene habits or by handling human waste. Daycares and nursing homes are at a high risk for person to person transmission because of the high risk of handling infected feces. Family outbreaks are common, as are outbreaks among children at nurseries (Donnelly & Stentiford, 1997).

There are grave consequences when people do not wash their hands or wash them improperly. It is known that hands are the main media for contaminants getting to people, whether the infections are airborne, oral or tactile.