The Crime Of Dengue Fever

Many people with acute HBV have no symptoms at all, or they could be very insignificant and flu-like. Sometimes the infected person may have a loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, muscle or joint aches, mild fever, and in some cases jaundice (yellowing of the skin). Also, some of the patients may notice dark urine and light colored stools. Because Hepatitis sometimes has no symptoms it can be unknowingly transmitted through exposure to blood or other bodily fluids or through intimate

Dengue is a mosquito borne disease typically found in tropical and sub tropical areas but it is commonly found in other countries all around Asia, with global warming thought to be helping with the spread of the disease. Singapore provides a perfect environment for breeding and has an ongoing battle with dengue.

Yellow fever is a deadly disease caused by a viral infection that is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Although it is found to be most common in males in their early 20's, yellow fever can affect any sex, race, or age. Since yellow fever is carried by mosquitoes, it is most often found in areas such as Central America, the northern half of South America, and Central Africa where mosquitoes are abundant. The reason why it is found so often in these

Yellow fever is a virus that is usually found in South America and sub-Saharan Africa, where the virus is spread via mosquitoes. Symptoms of yellow fever often are not noticeable until four to six days after infection and vary in severity. The two phases of yellow fever include the acute phase and the toxic phase. In the acute phase, infected persons will experience mild symptoms such as fever and muscle pain. The acute phase lasts three to six days before evolving into the toxic phase. Symptoms of the toxic phase include high fever, bleeding from body orifices, jaundice, vomiting, and abdominal pain, and, eventually, the toxic phase becomes deadly, leading to low blood pressure, organ failure, shock, coma, or even death.

Describe the clinical presentation (signs and symptoms) of viral hepatitis. List the different underlying causes of this condition.

The country is malaria-free and only a few cases of dengue fever borne by mosquitoes are recorded every year within the local population

The most recent outbreak of the Zika Virus through Latin America and the Caribbean, and its association with microcephaly in newborns has attracted significant attention from researchers and health specialists. In 2013 and 2015, large outbreaks of the virus were respectively reported in French Polynesia and Brazil. In 1947, The Zika virus was first identified in Uganda in Rhesus monkeys. It was then identified in humans in 1952 in some parts of Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania The virus, also known as ZIKV, is an arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family, and is closely related to dengue, yellow fever and Chikungunya viruses (Al-Qahtani et al., 2016.); an arbovirus refers to a group of viruses transmitted by arthropod vectors (MedicineNet.com, 2016). The Zika disease is caused by the Zika virus that is primarily transmitted through a bite of an infected Aedes mosquito. Though the incubation period of Zika is not clear, it is estimated to be around 2-7 days after the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito (World Health Organization, 2016).

Wilson’s disease is a well-known leading cause of chronic liver disease in children. However it may remain undiagnosed in a resource limited setting for a long period. We describe a six year male child diagnosed Wilson’s disease with extreme elevation of liver enzymes which is not reported earlier. The diagnosis was also baffling because of inconsistency of other laboratory parameters.

the greatest number of cases of WNV have been in urban areas with high human population

Yellow fever is non-contagious viral disease transmitted to humans by the Aedes or the Haemagogus species of mosquitoes. Yellow fever is known for affecting humans, but also monkeys and many other animals. The disease mainly occurs in parts of Africa and South America, however, only some countries in Africa and South America have actually had Yellow fever outbreaks. These countries sporadic outbreaks occur almost exclusively to forestry and agricultural workers who are exposed occupationally in or near forests. In Africa the virus is transmitted in three geographic regions, the moist savanna regions of West and Central Africa during the rainy season; the urban regions and Africa villages in the jungle region.

Hepatitis B, from the family Hepadnavirdae, is a DNA virus which is particularly prevalent in developing countries in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The virus targets the hepatocytes and replicates within the liver. HBV attaches to the hepatocyte using it’s virion S protein. This unique replication strategy involving an RNA intermediate and reverse transcription step often leads to a relatively high rates of mutation. Results of infection are variable and are influenced by factors such as sex, age and the state of immune system. For postnatal infections, incubation period usually lasts 60-80 days. Typically, the prodromal phase is defined by a transient rash which is followed thereafter by jaundice. Most patients recover after the onset

Imagine Mr. X, a resident of Mumbai who is suffering from high fever, severe headache (behind the eyes), and nausea and vomiting. He also complains of excruciating joint pain. He has started to develop a petechial rash. Mr. X goes to his physician who orders some blood tests. His CBC shows decreased platelets and NS-1 antigen test is positive. What am I talking about? You guessed it right! DENGUE!

Yellow fever is a viral infection that is transmitted by mosquitoes. This communicable disease has had an outbreak that crossed international borders within the past five years. According to WHO (2017), countries that have been affected by the outbreaks include Brazil January 2000, Netherlands February 2000, Nigeria May 2000, Liberia August 2000, Guinea December 2000, Côte d'Ivoire May 2001, Peru June 2001, Belgium November 2001, Senegal January 2001, Sudan May 2003, Sierra Leone August 2003, Burkina Faso October 2003, Venezuela September 2004, Maili January 2005, Togo December 2006, Paraguay February 2008, Central African Republic May 2008, Republic of the Congo April 2009, Cameroon October 2009, Uganda January 2011, Chad February 2013,

This type of mosquito that usually carries the yellow fever is called Aedes aegypti. Among the two kinds, urban yellow fever is the cause of most yellow fever outbreaks.

The symptoms of Dengue fever can be mistaken for flu or other viral infection. The symptoms include sudden high fever, severe headaches, pain behind the eyes, severe joint and muscle pain, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, skin rash (which appears two to five days after the onset of fever), mild bleeding (such a nosebleed, bleeding gums, or easy bruising). These symptoms can last up to 10 days and it starts after 4-6 days infection. “However, serious problems can develop. These include dengue hemorrhagic fever, a rare complication characterized by high fever, damage to lymph and blood vessels, bleeding from the nose and gums, enlargement of the liver, and failure of the circulatory system. The symptoms may progress to massive bleeding, shock, and death. This is called dengue shock syndrome (DSS).” The information above was given by Webmd in their article about Dengue fever. Doctors can diagnose people with dengue