The Crusade For Reconstruction ( Jihad )

Post 1 Pope Urban II has called the council of Clermont together to give a speech on the problem of the Muslims attaching the catholic pilgrimages. Part of his speech is as follows; On this account I, or rather the Lord, beseech you as Christ's heralds to publish this everywhere and to persuade all people of whatever rank, foot-soldiers and knights, poor and rich, to carry aid promptly to those Christians and to destroy that vile race from the lands of our friends. I say this to those who are present, it is meant also for those who are absent. Moreover, Christ commands it. (from the lesson)

He encouraged his supporters to engage in massive but peaceful protests, that spread through the country in 1978. The Shah and his forces responded by attacking the protesters, killing hundreds. This caused the protests to grow until it callumated in Black Friday on September 8th 1978. The Shah declared martial law and his forces killed thousands of protesters. Losing international support from the United States, the Shah fled to Egypt and the Ayatollah returned back to Iran. Protest continued with many blaming the United States for the Shahs actions and taking hostage workers at the US Embassy in Tehran. They would be held as captives until January of

The Crusaders were masterminds who called 4 major wars, called the Crusades, to get back the Holy Land from the Muslims. They had successes, and some times where they failed. So, were the results of the Crusades more positive or negative? After the Crusades, there were still lots of conflict between religion, and the crusades left a bitter legacy, so the result was more negative. After the Crusades, there was a lot of conflict between religion.

Founder of Constantinople, Constantine claimed the great Byzantine Empire and in turn inherited the new Holy Roman Empire. With the Edict of Milan in 313, Constantine proclaimed religious tolerance of Christians throughout the empire and soon the religion spread. Constantine then transformed the city of Byzantium into the new capital of the Roman Empire, which then was known and proclaimed as Constantinople. The new capital would profit from its location being closer to the east frontier, having then the advantage of better trading, and a militarily sound location being protected on three sides by water.

On November 4th, 1979, a group of enraged of Islamic revolutionists invaded the United States Embassy in Tehran. They had taken 60 Americans hostage for 444 days until President Ronald Reagan had taken Oath of office. It was nearly minutes after Reagan had taken office that they were released. Ayatollah Khomeini enforced an anti-Western Islamic theocracy, overrode the pro-Western monarchy of the Shah of Iran. Iran had felt that the United States was interfering with their internal affairs. They feared that they would return the Shah to power. The Shah had fled to mexico and the doctors there had uncovered that he was suffering an aggressive cancer. With this recent discovery they pushed the Shah to be admitted into a

The people of Iran became angry that the United States would allow the Shah to seek medical treatment in the US, and overtook the U.S. embassy in Tehran. Many of them feared that the United States planned to return to Iran and reinstate Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi as their leader, because of the close diplomatic ties that had been established with him. The United States had helped him to overthrow Iran’s Prime Minister during a power struggle in 1953 and modernize Iran (“The Hostage Crisis in Iran”). The Iranian protesters- many of whom were college students- took hostages, 66 of the hostages holding American citizenship, and refused to release them until the Unites States stopped helping the Shah and turned him over to them. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini decided to support the actions of the student protesters, and dissolved treaties that had been made with the Soviet Union and the United States, preventing international intervention towards the violent protests in Iran. Premier Mehdi Bazargan and most of the

Kurdish independence would inhibit the development of the Middle East. A priest at St. Joseph's, a church in Erbil, remarks that "[e]ach side is forcing us to choose" a loyalty between Kurds and Arabs (Source A). The stark divide between the

The fact is that Iran is the leading state-sponsor of terrorism, with government officials directly responsible for numerous terrorist attacks since 1979. These include suicide bombings of the U.S. Embassy in Beirut and the Marine barracks at Beirut International Airport; the bombing of Khobar Towers in Saudi Arabia in 1996; attacks against more than a dozen embassies in Iran, including those of Britain, the U.S. and Saudi Arabia; and the assassination of diplomats

Fighting: it’s been a staple of our world since prehistoric times. History class, more often than not, is about learning about who fought whom and why. Violence has been with us for so long and stuck around through the development of the human race. Wars, battles, skirmishes; often they’re the things that change the course of history. The Crusades were one of those many instances of violence that altered the world.

From reading The Book of Contemplation I feel that the Franks are Inferior to the Muslims, in the eyes of Usama Ibn Munqidh. Throughout the literature when Usama refers to the Franks, a “may God curse them” usually follows. Usama rarely sheds a positive light on the Franks’ beliefs, actions, or practice of medicine.

The crusades has much related to today's society in many ways. Even though the Crusades were more consisted around the subject of religion, there is far more that we are now segregated from. Examples of this would be when speaking of gender roles, sexualities, interracialism, and more that is mainly consisted out of love, and personal beliefs. In the Crusades, they went to war because of the holy land, and who they believed to be the ruling religion. There are now riots in the streets, and people being shot, just out of the color, relationship preference, or religion they are. The many battles that were fought in the Crusades had effect, but didn't really change much, in ways things are seen in current times. All though there are places that

According to Amin Maalouf, “It seems clear that the Arab East still sees the West as a natural enemy. Against that enemy, any hostile action-be it political, military, or based on oil-is considered no more than legitimate vengeance. And there can be no doubt that the schism between these two worlds dates from the Crusades, deeply felt by the Arabs, even today, as an act of rape” (Amin Maalouf). When reflecting on The Crusades Through Arab Eyes, this quote always sticks out as the most powerful piece of Maalouf’s work. As a growing college student this quote brings harsh reality to the world I live in. I believe as you grow through life, you become more and more aware of the world around you through education. In order to be aware you must

The Crusades: A Short History, written by British Historian Jonathan Riley-Smith, offers a broad overview of this part of the medieval era, but he also explores how historians have attempted to explain these events in modern terms. Riley-Smith also makes sure to note all major contributors to the Crusade movement and their personalities. Numerous scholars have wondered whether this was a political or religious mission. This helps to spark the question of why people would leave their homes and their families to risk their lives invading a land that was thousands of miles away for religious reasons. In his book, Riley-Smith makes this era come alive for the modern reader. He does

It was once a word unfamiliar to American ears. But in recent years it has become all too familiar. The actions of Muslim militants and terrorists have seared the word into American consciousness.

The members of the Peshmerga battled to keep the region under the authority of their leading governmental party. The KDP consisted of a conservative political philosophy that follows tradition. While the PUK consisted of a socialist political philosophy that is more inclined to the left. The philosophical differences between the two groups in power of the region and Peshmerga caused a civil war to break out in the 1990’s. This war caused Kurds to choose sides and hatred increased. The Peshmerga was used to fight against one another in support of their leading power. The civil war came to a halt when the leader of the Kurdish Democratic Party, Massoud Barzani, signed an agreement for peace with Jalal Talabani, the head of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (“Kurdish Peshmerga,”