The Crusades were expeditions that originated in completion of a solemn vow in order to deliver the Holy areas from Mohammedan domination. The origin of the word can be traced to the cross. This meaningful cross was worn as a badge on the outer garment of those who took part in these enterprises and also made out of cloth. Since the Middle Ages, the meaning of the word crusade has been comprehended to contain all wars undertaken in the act or practice of pursuing a vow. It was also directed against infidels who were the Mohammedans, Pagans, Heretics, or those under the bar of excommunication. Modern literature has abused the word crusade by applying it to all wars having anything to do with religion. An example would be the voyage of …show more content…
- and into your hands. And because you have fared forth for God, and for right, and for justice, therefore you are bound, in so far as you are able, to restore to their own inheritance those who have been unrighteous despoiled. And my wife's brother will make with you the best terms ever offered to any people, and give you the most puissant help for the recovery of the land overseas".
In Asia Minor, they turned to spoils and were nearly all slaughtered by the Turks. Meanwhile, according to the well thought out plan, the four principal armies were to meet at Constantinople and the regular crusade was being organized in the West. The Germans, the French from the north, Godfrey of Bouillon, and the Duke of Lower Lorraine followed the valley the Danube, crossed into Hungary and arrived at Constantinople on December 23rd,1096. Several different groups of Christian leaders would proceed in all directions for the conquest and fight for Christianity in the East. Hugh of Vermandois, brother of King Philip I of France, Count Stephen of Blois, and Robert Courte-Heuse, Duke of Normandy would lead groups of French and Normans across the Alps and were heading towards Apulia where they took the "Via Eqnatia" to Constantinople and set up troop in May of 1097. The French from the south were lead by Raymond of Saint-Gilles, Bishop of Puy, Count of Toulouse, and Papal legislation.
The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II in response to a call for aid by the Byzantines. The resulting army swept through Asia Minor and into the Near East conquering several cities along the way. Upon the successful conquering of the region, the crusaders divide the land among themselves forming four crusader states: County of Edessa, Principality of Antioch, County of Tripoli, and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. This takeover and dividing of territory is incredibly similar to what occurs in the fourth crusade. Upon conquering Constantinople in April of 1204, the crusaders proceed to divide the land among themselves much like they did earlier. They divided the land
The Crusades of the High Middle Ages (a.d. 1050-1300) was a period of conquest or rather, reconquest, of Christian lands taken from Muslims in the early Middle Ages. It is an era romanticized by fervent Christians as the time when Christianity secured its honorable status as the true religion of the world. The affect of the Crusades is still with us today. It sailed from Spain and Portugal to the Americas in the fifthteenth century aboard sailing ships carrying conquistadors who sought new territory and rich resources. They used the shield and sword of Christianity to justify a swift conquest of mass territory and the subjugation of the indigenous peoples; a mentality learned, indeed,
Another final reason for people to go on a crusade was reaction to the rise of Islam. Many sources tell us that people such as pilgrims and people who worked for the church might have been scared at how powerful the Muslims were becoming; they were afraid that they would advance into different areas of Europe and start ruling the areas that they invaded by Islamic rule. A source supports this as it tells us that the Turks had been making constant advances in the East, and were now threatening Constantinople itself. Constantinople was the capital of the Byzantine, Latin and Ottoman empires. It had a very powerful army and defended all of Western Europe because of this. If Constantinople fell, then all of Europe would be open to invasion, a vision that greatly worried European Christians. In Jerusalem, the Muslims were destroying it and capturing many people as well as killing them. Although
The Crusades were great military missions developed by Christian nations of Europe for the purpose of rescuing the Holy Land of Jerusalem from the hands of the Moslems. Jerusalem was extremely important to the Moslems and Christians at this time. Many religious events happened there, and many landmarks of both religions were located in Jerusalem. There were many Crusades some more significant than others, but in general the Crusades were very important to the spread of Christianity and religious based knowledge. The Crusades are an example of religious rebellion that is timeless and universal throughout the world.
The Crusades were a bloody war that the church deemed holy and necessary for salvation of the knights soul. The Crusades are a highly controversial and very dark stain on the Catholic church and Hierarchies past. The war was brought to the church from there Roman allies who they had tense dealings with. The where seeking aid in the fight against the muslim turks. The church decreed there act holy and justified. The people who were under the churches thumb had no objections to the slaughter that their beloved God had suposably justified.
The main objective of the first crusade was overcome by a secondary objective which later became the reason why we call it the First Crusade. The initial objective was to respond to the Byzantine Emperor who requested western volunteers to help fight against invading Turks. In The reconquest of jerusalem and the holy land soon became the main objective of the Crusade. Pope Urban in 1095 called upon his people telling them to go jerusalem and liberate the church of God out of devotion and not for honor and wealth. Calling the crusade increased the popes standings in a papacy which was struggling at the time due to the investiture controversy. During this time, religion was very important and people took it very seriously. Jerusalem was the
The First Crusade took place from 1096 to 1099. When the Byzantine army was defeated by the Seljuk Turks at the battle of Manzikirt, this created an outburst of chaos and civil war within themselves. When Alexius Comnemus took the throne, she decided to send Pope Urban II a letter asking for help. Pope Urban made a speech declaring the call for a Crusade to fight against the Seljuk Turks. Urban asked Christians to join forces to work to free the Holy Land from Muslim invaders.
The Crusades were a fight for the Holy Land between Christians , Muslims and Jews. The Crusade left a very negative legacy because of the hatred and how they left all the land. The result of the Crusade came out more negative because how much land and historical things were destroyed. Document 4 states that a library and relics were destroyed in Constantinople.
The Muslim ruler at that time Zangi had attacked and was capture on Christmas Eve 1144.We see that this second crusade was led by European king against Islam. Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany went across Europe separately and were defeated by the Seljuq Turks. What was left of the two armies marched on to Jerusalem and joined the attacked on Damascus. The Europeans crusade was unsuccessful, but a great victory for the Muslims. The Muslims continued to attack and capture land. However like the first Crusade the second crusade left a bloody
During the 11th century, as the crusades began, Europe’s main religion, Christianity, divided into Catholicism and Eastern Orthodox. During this period of divergence in Europe, Islam flourished. Trade helped spread religion and languages throughout Asia & Africa, while Europe paled in comparison. Given the situation that Europe was in at the time of the crusades, it’s easy to call into question the motivations behind the crusades. The first crusade, supporting the Byzantine Empire, was called for by Pope Urban II, in an apparent combination of Christian Europe behind the image of the Cross. While the results and advantages for Europe springing from the First Crusade may suggest otherwise, the Crusades were called together solely to further
Late in the year of 1095 Pope Urban announced on Tuesday, November 27 that he would hold a public session to make a great announcement. This was the beginning of what was to be the First Crusade . After having painted a real grim or somber picture the Pope made his appeal. He thought that western Christendom should march to the rescue of the East. Rich and poor alike should go and they should leave off slaying each other and instead fight a great war. Supposedly they thought it was God will and that God would lead them and Take care of them. During his speech Cries of "Dues le wolt! -- "God wills it!" - Interrupted his speech. Just after the Pope ended his speech the bishop of Le Puy fell to his knees and asked permission to join the "Holy Expedition." Hundreds crowded up to later follow his example.
By this time most of the crusaders had left to go home, and those who remained ad built four settlements. The purpose of these four settlements were to guard and govern conquered territory. These Crusader states were Jerusalem, Edessa, Antioch and Tripoli. However, the Muslim forces began gaining ground around 1130, and in 1144 Zangi who was the Seljuk general captured Edessa (northern Crusader states. By this time Pope Eugene III called for a second crusade, his call was answered by King Louis VIII and his wife Eleanor. Louis was a very religious man and he wanted to honor the first crusaders and his goal was to take the cross and expand the Crusader kingdoms. Unfortunately, Louis had very little military experience, but he still set out with more than 30,000 crusaders to recapture the holy land. This journey took five months because they traveled through France to Asia Minor. This wasn’t a good strategy because by doing this they would pass through Turkish lands and therefore put themselves in danger. The Turks took advantage of this situation by attacking Louis’s group (there were two groups traveling). Louis and his wife were able to survive but there were thousands of crusaders that were killed. Louis decided that best approach would be to abandon his army to look for a new route. His original route was Edessa but he took the way of Damascus (Palestine) because it was closer to Jerusalem. Nur Al-Din who was the son of Zangi (Turkish General), went to unite all of the Muslims in preparation for the war. Even though Nur Al-Din was determined to take back Jerusalem it was Louis who made the first move in 1148. Nur Al-Din had a choice to take Damascus and if he did so he would have more power, (Aleppo and Damascus were the eastern part of the Crusader states. The results of the battle was that there were thousands of Muslims that were dead, the Damascus ruler begged Nur Al-Din to send his army. Louis had to make a
After years of chaos and civil war, the the Byzantine throne was finally seized in 1081 and by Emperor Alexius I. Later in 1095, Alexius sent envoys to Pope Urban II asking for mercenary troops from the West to help confront the Turkish threat. In response to which, the Pope promptly called the Council of Clermont to take up arms to aid the Byzantines and recapture the Holy Land from Muslim control. Pope Urban’s plea was met with a tremendous response, both among the military elite as well as ordinary citizens. Thus With a battle cry of "God wills it!" the Crusades were
Together, they headed eastward towards Constantinople, people would know then by the name “The People’s Crusade”. Peter's army crossed over into Anatolia, and the Peoples Crusade didn't turn out to be a success. Chronicler of the
Pope Innocent III called for a new crusade 1202. Led by French knights, the Crusade set out for the Holy Land, but they were convinced by Venetian lords to capture the wealth and glory of Eastern Orthodox Constantinople instead. Therefore, rather than retake the Holy Land from Muslim rule, the Crusaders sacked and conquered the capital of the Byzantine Empire. However, the Crusaders’ control of Constantinople lasted only a brief time.