The Cultural Types Of Water Management Practices

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Due to influence by personal perspectives, ideologies, values and context, local culture is argued as confusing framework for water governance (Tortajada, 2010). It is different in any regions, because of natural challenges, systems of knowledge and variety of needs. In doing so, it may increase the complexity of water management practices, and should be attached to a specific culture (Jackson, 2006, Pahl-Wostl et al., 2008). Arguably, it is not sufficiently valid and reliable to be used to guide water planning and policy. However, water culture provide reflective information about societal water practice changes that maintain through trial and error over long time (Tàbara and Ilhan, 2008, Pahl-Wostl et al., 2008, Johnston and Donahue, 1998). This is a constant process of adaptation involving the redefinition of attitudes and behaviors(Johnston and Donahue, 1998). The cultural types will differ in their underlying basic values, beliefs and assumption making them a useful tool in understanding the circumstances that affect the policy. Some cultures have flexible water norms to adapt the rapid changes and technology innovation that generates new meaning for the environment (Jackson and Palmer, 2012). Thus, the necessity of capable institution is crucial to put the relevance of water changes and breakdown to the “ground level” (Tàbara and Ilhan, 2008).
Another challenge is climate change and multiple impact from changes in precipitation, increase in drought, river peak
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