The Culture Of The Thule Culture

Native American Trade refers to the trade between Europeans and their North American descendants and the Indigenous people of North America, it really began before the colonial period and continued through the nineteenth century. The products traded involved a vast variety of goods and varied by region and era. Canada was a major trader with the native people. In most of Canada the term “Native American Trade” is synonymous with the fur trade; fur for making beaver hats was by far the most valuable product of the trade, from the European point of view. Native Americans had the skills and tools for hunting and skinning the animals used for fur clothing and Canadian settlers had the needs and funding for it. This made for a thriving exchange between the two societies.

Native Americans easily engaged in trade with Europeans. They wished to include new glass and metal items in their society. European and Native Americans viewed trade as a means for economic development. Native Americans viewed trade, also, as a way for communicating with individuals and maintaining interdependence. This is evident in the elaborate gift giving celebrations that occurred before exchanging of goods occurred. For Europeans, however, these social and spiritual functions of trade were limited a great deal more.

The Inuit people live at a unique location. They live in the far North and into Canada. “There is a Canadian village, named Grise Fjord, just 500 miles from the North Pole” (Sontella 7). The Inuit people

Though they both live in the Mackenzie Delta, the Inuit have the northernmost part of the Delta. The Inuit live in the Arctic in places like Nunavut, and Greenland. The Inuit also hunt seal, because they reach more land that is next to an ocean. Adding on to the previous statement, the Dene scarcely even touch the ocean in their own territory, except for the Hudson bay. This being said, the Inuit can eat animals like seals, and walruses, while the Dene eat land animals like moose, and bunnies. The Inuit can also be contrasted in what water they are near.

The first interaction that took place in the New World, occurred between a group of European settlers and Native Indians, who inhabited the borders of the United States. Indian tribes, who resided in the North, lacked the skills and literacy Europeans had obtained, such as craftsman’s ship of tools, weapons, and wheeled vehicles. However, their simplistic lives allowed them to master skills, which would become important and useful to new settlements, such as farming, hunting, developing structures, and engage in far-reaching networks of trade. Europeans viewed the Natives one of two ways, “they were regarded either as noble savages, gentle, friendly, and superior in some ways to Europeans, or as uncivilized and brutal savages.” (Give Me Liberty

Europeans and Native Americans were first introduced to each other when Europeans arrived at the New World, the northeastern side of North America. Native Americans were originally perceived as noble savages through writings because humans were not tempted by the narcissism of the modern world. Other times, Native Americans were perceived as devils since they did not have churches or religions and men often changed wives many times (Berkin 19). Europeans traded goods such as glass beads, mirrors, and brass bells for the furs and land of the American Indians. While Native Americans and European immigrants increased contact with each other, Europeans’ attitudes and perceptions towards American Indians began to decline as they took over the land

The experience of the Firs Nation’s during the fur trade would have been a new and novel situation for all First Nation’s. York and Hudson Bay Company led a competition between anyone living in Canada at the time but it became very competitive for the First Nation tribes. There was increasing fur and goods in 1730, but shortly after there was a sharp decline in goods until 1750 because of the competition was so hard. Indian tribes competed with one another for control of the trading posts. Problem was, there was a distance between the tribes that made trading more difficult, the Mountain Indians travelled 37 days downstream and took months to return. Assiniboine and Cree bands were taking over control of their inland trading of York factory

Although some groups are settled on rivers and depend on fishing, and others follow inland caribou herds, most Eskimo's traditionally have lived primarily as hunters of maritime mammals (seals, walrus, and whales), they have always been situated near the sea. Settlement In all Eskimo areas a yearly cycle took place in which groups spent the winter together in a larger group and then moved into smaller groups. Such seasonal congregating and breaking up of settlements occurred even in Greenland and western Alaska ; during the summer, people would leave the permanent communities and live in animal- skin tents at favourite spots for seal hunting, for fishing, or for collecting birds, eggs, and plants.

The inuit have to understand the natural patterns of Arctic wildlife because of global warming. Global warming is causing problems because the number

Before 1492 many North American Indian societies got their source of nutrition through hunting, or farming. Exchanging goods and services with other societies was the most common way of expanding consumption possibilities. Goods were exchanged mainly through trade which was one of the biggest factors in bringing Native American peoples into contact with one another. As tribes established permanent settlements, many of these settlements became well known for specific products or skills. This elaborate trading system set a steady base for the economy of Indian societies.

Tsimshian, which means “ People inside of the Skeena River”, is one of the coastal tribe in the Pacific Northwest Coast. This tribe distribute in two main areas, which are British Columbia, Canada and Alaska in the US. According to that, they have a different group name for each location. For example, Tsimshian indigenous who live surrounded the mouth of the Skeena River and nearly the sea; the Gitskan who live further up the indigenous people place; the Nishga who stay the basin of the Nass River. Overall, those locations bring a huge benefit to them like profuse food, natural resources. However, the climate is temperate with cold and in the winter, it’s rainy. The Tsimshian tribe speaks Penutian language, which is known

There are many examples of how humans are connected to the Earth. We will begin with the theme of birth. Skywoman came from above and created land with the help of the animals. She then gave birth to a girl who then began pregnant with twin boys. These births represent new life and the beginning of life on earth. During birth of the twins, the mother died because of fighting between the brothers. They buried their mother and from her grew corn, beans, squash, strawberries, tobacco, potatoes and medicines. These became a staple of nourishment for humans and display a direct connection between humans and Earth. Another example is that of the twins creating life.

It contains an expanse of tundra with many marshes and lagoons with rivers situated between foothills of the Brooks Range and the wide, icy waters of the Beaufort Sea. Environmentalists said that this area “is the most biologically productive part of the Arctic Refuge for wildlife and is the center if wildlife activity.” The importance of these resources is not measurable. The Arctic is home to such animals as caribou, polar bears, grizzly bears, musk oxen, whales, wolves and snow geese. This area is full of wildflowers and contains water of excellent, unpolluted quality and quantity. The Arctic Ocean costal plain is an area critical to the survival of many birds and mammals (‘Alaska Wild’).

Ainu are the oldest inhabitants of Japan, also the minority in Japan, they live in the Hokkaido region of Japan, has a long history and rich cultural background. The content will describe the Ainu language and their culture. By understanding the language and culture of Ainu, will help us better to understand the cultural diversity of modern Japanese society.

Most believe that Native American live deep within temperate forests, but one tribe lives within a much colder and frigid climate. This tribe is known as the Inuits. Inuit means “The Real People” (Santella 5). A group of Inuits traveled to the Americas from Asia, and they went towards the north pole. They eventually settled in the Arctic regions and began to thrive (7). They are widely dispersed throughout the Siberian, Alaskan, Canadian, and Greenland regions (6). The Inuits have an interesting history, lifestyle, and religion.