Brushless DC motors is a kind of permanent magnate synchronous motor. Permanent magnet synchronous motors are classified on the basis of the wave shape of their induce emf, i.e, sinusoidal and trapezoidal. The sinusoidal type is known as permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM); the trapezoidal type goes under the name of PM Brushless dc (BLDC) machine. Table (2.1) shows the difference between (PMSM) and (BLDC) motor. Permanent magnet (PM) DC brushed and brushless motors incorporate a combination of PM and electromagnetic fields to produce torque (or force) resulting in motion. This is done in the DC motor by a PM stator and a wound armature or rotor. Current in the DC motor is automatically switched to different windings by means of a commutator and brushes to create continuous motion. In a brushless motor, the rotor incorporates the magnets, and the stator contains the windings. As the name suggests brushes are absent and hence in this case, commutation is implemented electronically with a drive amplifier that uses semiconductor switches to change current in the windings based on rotor position feedback. In this respect, the BLDC motor is equivalent to a reversed DC commutator motor, in which the magnet rotates while the conductors remain stationary. Therefore, BLDC motors often incorporate either internal or external position sensors to sense the actual rotor. This eliminates the problems associated with the brush and the commutator arrangement, for example, sparking
The equivalent electrical circuit of a dc motor is shown in figure 5.2. It can be represented by a voltage source (Va) across the coil of the armature. The electrical equivalent of the armature coil can be described by an inductance (La) in series with a resistance (Ra) in series with an induced voltage (Vc) which
Ranjan, Kaushik et. al is the author of "Electric Vehicles", Levine, Steve is the author of "The Car of the Future May Run on Gasoline; For all the talk of electric cars, the old- fashioned internal combustion engine is proving to be hard to beat". The intended audience for both of these articles is to draw the attention of motor heads.
of commodities, cars, trucks, planes…The list goes on. But more importantly, how does a motor work
As car manufacturers continue to innovate at a rapid rate, many attempts to produce practical electric cars have occurred and continue to occur.
· An Electric motor &endash; This is the part of the vehicle that makes it a hybrid. Advanced electronics give the motor the ability to act as a generator and also power the transmission. When powering the vehicle, the motor will draw energy from a battery when need be. When it is a generator, the motor returns energy to the same batteries that were used to power the motor.
When thinking about the future people tend to look at 20 years from now or 50 years from now. One company has been teasing us and bringing the future to the present. The automobile industry has been viewed as one of the most competitive markets to enter because of its economies of scale, learning curves, access to distribution channels, patents, unrecoverable up-front R&D expenditures, and other capital requirements (Stringham, Miller, Clark, p. 85). Despite all of these barriers to entry, Tesla Motors has already done remarkable things in its short life of existence, only starting in 2003. Tesla has entered the market with its first car known as the Roadster in 2008. Roadster is one of the first high performance electric vehicles that is also a sports car. Forbes has put Tesla Motors as the number one most innovative company as of 2016 (Forbes.com). With carbon dioxide emissions causing huge problems in climate change and ruining the ozone of the earth, oil dependency has to be the thing of the past. Tesla wants to create a future that is green; a future that is powered by Tesla. Musk has said that the future will be solar plus battery comparing it to peanut butter and jelly (Randall, 2016). In this paper I will discuss the company as a whole and what they have done with their marketing strategy and infiltrating a highly competitive market.
Nissan motors was not always the name of Nissan cars it did not receive the name that we know so much about until 1934 . In 1933 "Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd. was created and took over all operations for manufacturing from the automobile division of Tobata Casting Co., Ltd. Yoshisuke Aikawa is the founder and leader of the Nissan combine. He had goals on producing more that 15,000 units per year. The first Datsun car came across the assembly line in April of 1935 in the Yokohama Plant , in this same year Australia launched vehicle exports. Datsun cars were a symbol of Japan’s fast advances in the industrial era .
While at Graz Technical University, Tesla had seen a demonstration of a generator run as a direct-current (DC) motor. Direct current is electric current that flows in only one direction. During the demonstration, the brushes and the
Motors are everywhere, the power almost everything we use, from kitchen supplies to our automobiles and transport even to kinds toys, they are the essence of putting an object into motion. Most motors consist of the same various items needed to for it to work, magnets, coils of wire, and a power supple. Whilst in the process of discovering what a motor is the desired motor to be used for this investigation is a simple DC motor were a power supply is used to power the motor to start to spin unlike some other motors like in cars where they rely on all other forms of injections for it to power such a large object. An electric motor is all about magnets and magnetism: A motor uses magnets to create motion. Electric motors involve rotating coils of wire which are driven by the magnetic force exerted by a magnetic field on an electric current. They transform electrical energy into mechanical energy (Internet 1). As a simple motor will be created, the design of how to create this can be seen in figure 1.1.2 to justify how simple this is
BLDC motors are a type of synchronous motor. This means the magnetic field generated by the stator and the magnetic field generated by the rotor rotate at the same frequency. BLDC motors do not experience the “slip” that is normally seen in induction motors. BLDC motors come in single-phase, 2-phase and 3-phase configurations. Corresponding to its type, the stator has the same number of windings. Out of these, 3-phase motors are the most popular and widely used. Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors are one of the motor types rapidly gaining popularity. BLDC motors are used in industries such as Appliances, Automotive, Aerospace, Consumer, Medical, Industrial Automation Equipment and Instrumentation. As the name implies, BLDC motors do not use brushes for commutation; instead, they are electronically commutated.
A date was scheduled to conduct an on-site visit of the company wherein we discussed the service operations with the higher management of Hanuman Motors.
A notable application of Nikola Tesla’s Alternating Current induction motor is the Electric Vehicle (EV). EVs are powered by an electric motor rather than a conventional gasoline engine. It is important to make the distinction between an EV and a hybrid, plug-in hybrid, or hydrogen fuel cell car. For our analysis, an EV is a vehicle that is completely driven by an electric motor, which is powered by a large battery, such as the BMW i3 and the Tesla Model S.
At the point when Land Rover outlined its exceptionally fruitful Range Rover Evoque premium minimized SUV in 2007-2008, it made 3-entryway car and 5-entryway adaptations. Be that as it may, a convertible was not on the option body style list.
The system dispenses with the extra weight and mechanical complexity of pushrods and rocker arms.
currents) from stationary reference frame to torque and flux producing currents components in rotating reference frame. The vector control of the PM synchronous motor is derived from its dq dynamic model. Considering the currents as inputs, the three currents are: