The Deadly Duel
Baron von Instetten and Major Crampas
The Prussian town of Kessin was left in shock over the unexpected duel of Baron von Instetten and Major Crampas. This duel took place over the issue of an affair in which the wife of Baron von Instetten, Effi Briest, had with Major Crampas. Baron von Instetten was “a man of character, position and sound morality.” (Effi Briest, Chapter 2). He was an ambitious civil servant who was highly respected by the people around him. Major Crampas, on the other hand, was the total contrast of Baron von Instetten. He was “a man who has had many affairs, a ladies’ man.” (Effi Briest, Chapter 13). He disregarded rules and regulations and considered them a bore. It all started when Baron von Instetten marry Effi Briest. At the time of their marriage Instetten was thirty-eight years old while Effi was only seventeen. Instetten was already a senior civil servant responsible for the large rural district of Kessin. Even though at the time Effi was only seventeen, she was already conditioned with the social and cultural expectations around her to marry such a distinguished man as Instetten.
Being the free young girl that she was, Effi could not conform to the social and cultural expectations put on her as the wife of Instetten. She could not deny herself and her playful personality. No matter how hard Effi tried, she realized day in and day out that she was unhappy. Her ambition might be fulfilled, but her desire for fun was never met.
Joel F. Harrington’s The Faithful Executioner: Life and Death, Honor and Shame in the Turbulent Sixteenth Century, is about Meister Frantz Schmidt and the role he played as an executioner and healer in Germany and the life he wanted and pursued during and afterwards. Fulfilling an inherited and unwanted roll as executioner, often considered a curse, Schmidt was determined to seek redemption through social respectability and not fall into the normal stigma of an executioner’s life. “Establishing a good name among wary locals remained a lifelong endeavor for Meister Frantz.” (p. 131) Armed with self-discipline and self-righteousness, he committed to this endeavor by not falling for the normal traps (public use of prostitutes and drunkenness) that usually followed the dishonorable position. Schmidt was “faithful” in his duties but also as a respectable man of society.
Using such specific examples will help clearly highlight the difference in opinion of the two authors and the way in which Goldhagen tries to show the members of the Police Battalion as “Ordinary Germans” who were “Willing Executioners”, while Browning presents them as “Ordinary Men” reacting to a certain set of specific circumstances.
The heroine, Mrs. P, has some carries some characteristics parallel to Louise Mallard in “Hour.” The women of her time are limited by cultural convention. Yet, Mrs. P, (like Louise) begins to experience a new freedom of imagination, a zest for life , in the immediate absence of her husband. She realizes, through interior monologues, that she has been held back, that her station in life cannot and will not afford her the kind of freedom to explore freely and openly the emotions that are as much a part of her as they are not a part of Leonce. Here is a primary irony.
The Burgermeister’s Daughter by Steven Ozment delivers a captivating and thorough discussion of one woman’s struggle in contradiction of the social prejudices and justice system of her hometown in sixteenth-century Germany. While the life and times of Anna Buschler, (the Burgermeister’s daughter) is a central theme in the work, Ozment discusses many other contextual elements of German society which provide the framework through which Anna’s struggles are to be perceived. Ozment’s intent in writing such a narrative was most accurately discerned in the final chapter of the book entitled “The Moral” in which the author homed in on a few elements which contributed to the greater picture he endeavored to present.
The envelopment of poor relationships in one’s earlier life often directs a person towards negative actions and shape his/her personality for the worst. Eldin is a prime example of a person who struggles and allows his past actions to determine his destiny. After her husband passed away in the war, Eldin’s mother
Honor is a concept that has a great deal to do with entitlement and based on the actions or qualities of a person. There are three main types of honor that society recognizes; family, men, and women and in The Heptameron, Marguerite de Navarre portrays each of the three types of honor throughout her stories. Published in the 1500s, the series of short stories portrays the values and beliefs of that period of time. However, there are often a number of complications that follow honor that lie with classified and understandably honorable deeds or traits, and who is it that determines this. Another issue that one may find is that it is also complicated to be able to view one form of morality in the presence of another due to certain views clashing with one another. In addition to this, Marguerite de Navarre’s stories are written around the themes of love, lust, and adultery, in addition to honor. Each of these has a significant role in portraying the integrity of men, women and family. The Heptameron’s twelfth story has each of the three types of honor present throughout it, and show how they either compliment or conflict with one another. Through the character of the Duke of Medici, the Duke’s “other half”, and the sister of this man, the reader is able to recognize the instances in which honor is evident.
Torvald would never have thought she were capable of it, since during that era it was unrealistic of women to leave their houses but rather put up with the difficulties they faced. Ibsen highlights society's domineering outlooks of marriage and the interactions of two people naïvely pretending to be in love. Throughout the play Ibsen reveals the fragile attributes of his characters to help enhance the play-like nature of their relationship, the role of women, and Nora's course of self-discovery.
Christopher R. Browning’s “Ordinary Men” chronicles the rise and fall of the Reserve Police Battalion 101. The battalion was one of several units that took part in the Final Solution to the Jewish Question while in Poland. The men of Reserve Police Battalion 101, and other units were comprised of ordinary men, from ordinary backgrounds living under the Third Reich. Browning’s premise for the book is very unique, instead of focusing on number of victims, it examines the mindset of how ordinary men, became cold-hearted killers under Nazi Germany during World War II. Christopher Browning’s “Ordinary Men” presents a very strong case that the men who made up the Reserve Police Battalion 101 were indeed ordinary men from ordinary background, and
Abner’s unchanging character is evident not only in his role as being cold-hearted but also in his role as being lawless. “Barn Burning” makes an interesting case for Abner Snopes as the pitiable creation of the landed aristocracy, who seeks dignity and integrity for himself, although his only chance of achieving either would seem to lie in the democratic element of fire as the one defense available to all, regardless of social class”(855).
It is Nora as an individual cheated of her true rights that the dramatists first depicts, for her marriage, as she discovers in the crisis, has been merely material and not that spiritual tie Ibsen insists upon as the only happy on in this relationship. (Huneker 64)
In the story The Last Duel by Eric Jager, fourteenth century in medieval France, a knight by the name of Jean de Carrouges challenges a squire, Jacques Le Gris, to a duel. The reason for this trial by combat, a court-ordered duel intended by fate of God to determine the truth, was to seek vengeance for the sake of his own honor. The wife of Jean Carrouges was the "young, beautiful, good, sensible, and modest" Marguerite. She was expected to maintain a ladylike mannerism and remain loyal to her husband. When the couple traveled to Capomensil to visit Carrouges mother-in-law Marguerite stayed under her watch while Carrouges set out on a journey in desperate need of cash. While away on his journey
Unlike her friend, Nora, Mrs. Linde has more freedom to do what she wants, however she is not entirely satisfied. In this culture, a woman’s role is normally to do housework and to raise their children, but Mrs. Linde is exempt from this. She does not have to conform into this picture, but she is not content with her lifestyle until she meets up with her lost love, Krogstad. “I want to be a mother to someone, and your children need a mother. We two need each other.”1 This quote exemplifies that Mrs. Linde is only content with her life when she fits in the role of being a mother and a wife.
During this time many women were forced into marriage, resulting in a great unhappiness. Both Kate Chopin and Guy de Maupassant state this lack of joy that was often experienced everyday by women. “It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long” (Chopin 68). If was as if Mrs. Mallard was sickened by the idea that her life and the way it was, would continue forever. Maupassant portrays Mathilde’s frustration in her marriage with the frequent use of the word “suffered” in relationship to her higher class wants and desires. “She suffered ceaselessly, feeling herself born for all the delicacies and all the luxuries. She suffered from the poverty of her dwelling, from the wretched look of the walls, from the worn-out chairs, from the ugliness of the curtains” (Maupassant 59).
Like in today’s society, marriage played an important role in this novel, but in a different aspect. Today, not too many women are force to marry, but it is expected of them. In the novel, the women were force to marry for the sake of their village. They were to be married off for either money for their family or some type of trade off. For instance, Effia’s father, Cobbe, had large expectations on who he wanted her to marry. His expectations were so large that he wanted to rush her growth and development as young woman so that she could be with man he wanted her to be with. He so desperately wanted her to be with the next ruler of their tribe.
In “Eichmann in Jerusalem,” Hannah Arendt analyzes Adolph Eichmann while he is on trial in Jerusalem for the crimes that he committed while being a Lieutenant Colonel in the SS during the Nazi Regime. In the book Arendt talks about how Eichmann’s actions were “banal” in the sense that he seemed to be an ordinary person who just committed acts that were evil. Italian-Jewish Writer Primo Levi, a Holocaust Survivor, states that SS officers like Eichmann lived in their own self-deception that made them believe that their actions were caused by just following their orders in the SS. In this paper, I will analyze the views that both Arendt and Levi had about the Eichmann trial and then compare and state the differences of their views. I will then explain the reasons why both Hannah Arendt’s and Primo Levi’s analysis of Adolph Eichmann that show that the actions that he committed were all truly evil actions.