The Decameron by Giovanni Boccaccio

“a mountain/within which a cave/where was heard/a stream’s faint murmur/ and seen the mirrored glance/ of an iridescent bird’s/luminous eyes/a cave/across the ridged walls/of which gallops and flickers/a herd of elk/ and on the sandy/floor beneath the feathers of firelight” (24).

Voltaire attacks the corruption within the church and its officials as well.  The Grand Inquisitor, a significant clergyman, makes Cunegonde his mistress at a Mass service.  Even more ironic is that he shares her with a Jew.  It was a Franciscan priest that robbed Lady Cunegonde of her money and jewels.  The old woman identifies herself as the bastard daughter of a pope, and the papacy is also identified as keeping soldiers for private use.  When Candide is ill in France, a clergyman is one of the many that harasses him in attempt on his wealth.  Ironically, the disease that Pangloss catches from Paquette, originated from a Franciscan priest.  Voltaire portrays the church as violent and corrupt and the clergy as parsimonious fortune hunters.

Art is a particular form of social consciousness and of human activities, an important way for people to perceive, discover and improve life: according to the laws of beauty. It is the creation of tangible or intangible products containing great values of thought-aesthetics, cultural character, and emotions. In this sense, there are numerous types of art. Painting is one of the oldest forms of art on earth. From prehistoric times, artists not only used it to communicate, but they also used painting to entertain the viewers. Painting can be transformed, eliminating the tedium, fatigue, and stress in daily tasks to bring the joy. Fun in life or silence for the soul. In other words, painting is a language that communicates an artist 's ideas

Voltaire satirizes the clergy as consisting of pleasure-seeking, deceitful individuals masquerading as a holy priesthood. A reason for this behavior is that during this time, the clergy was the only way for younger sons to lead a respectable life. As a result, according to Friar Giroflée “jealousy, discord, and rage inhabit the monastery” and at the end of the day he “wants to smash his head against the dormitory walls and all my colleagues are in the same state” (Voltaire 74). Because many people within the clergy don’t want to be there, many of them engage in corrupt behavior. They engage in romantic relationships despite their vow to be celibate (Voltaire 24) (Voltaire 72). A member of the clergy preys preys on Candide when he is dying in Paris. The clergy member tries to convince Candide to pay a large sum of money to receive absolution for his sins (Voltaire 59-60). Requiring payment in exchange for absolution is corrupt behavior on the part of the Catholic Church.

In “Confirmation Names,” Mariette Lippo describes a group of girls choosing their patron saints. Through the use of irony and syntax, the author scorns the Catholic Church’s treatment towards adolescent girls and the standards they are held under. However, when using a feminist criticism, Lippo’s disdain turns into anger towards society, not just the Catholic faith alone. When under an archetypal criticism, the piece focuses more on the religious stereotypes of the harsh, reserved nun and the classic rebellious Catholic schoolgirls, and thus provokes a sense of pity for the girls and an automatic cringe-worthy distaste for the nuns. Both the close reading and literary criticisms produce new tones and shed different lights on the conflicting aspects of “Confirmation Names.”

Elisabeth Lesuer was a very faithful, and intelligent woman in the late 19th century early 20th century. Being brought up in the upper-middle class, she was able to be educated privately in languages, arts, and literature. She has also studied much of the Catholic Faith. She meets the love of her life Felix Lesuer in 1886 while he was attending the University of Paris. The two married in 1889. While going to the university, Felix quits Catholicism, but the two had an agreement that Elisabeth can remain faithful, but Felix did not practice in the faith at all. Later in time, though, Felix started giving Elisabeth readings against Christianity weakening her participation in Christianity; One day this backfired on him when handing her Earnest Renan’s History of the Origins of Christianity, the first volume of which, The Life of Jesus, denies Christ’s Divinity. After reading this, Elisabeth does research on this matter, and experiences deep adult conversion, and returns passionately practicing the Faith,which she saw as the truth. Begins writing her spiritual journal in 1899 called Journal et pensées de chaque jour. The journal just showed how committed she was to that faith, even though her social society was against it, and how she would get by being faithful, without making Felix mad, and anyone else against the Faith she knew in her life. Elisabeth’s journal explained why she was so faithful, and how she would study, and pray the Faith in ways that didn’t upset those

The women described in the Lais of Marie de France often commit traditionally sinful deeds, such as adultery, murder, and betrayal. However, with a few exceptions, the protagonists often end up living happily with their beloved for the rest of their lives. The Lais advocate for situational judgement rather than general condemnation of specific acts, which can be seen through Marie de France’s treatment of sinful heroines.

In over a period of years, an increasing amount of attention has been shed to the problem of child sexual abuse in the church. While churches, and other facilities which care for children, have had their experience of this problem, most attention has been brought to the abuse in the Catholic Church. Around the world, case after case has been seen in the press of clergy and members of religious orders being charged with sex offenses against children. Some of these cases go back decades. The issue has certainly brought attention around the world. The reason why, is the question that ponders in everyone mind.

When depicting the tremendous height and abruptness of the mountain he states that “It was like a window ledge on a skyscraper, no more than fourteen or sixteen inches wide”. Bryson’s use of the simile establishes an illustrative image in the reader’s mind and creates a lasting impression of the situation. This improves the author’s tone as it details the uncertainty and discouragement the men were facing during the hike. Furthermore, Bryson advances his narrative and tone with imagery as he adapts to the trail when it becomes hazardous with oncoming snow and freezing temperatures. Bryson describes his surroundings with a bleak and dreary attitude, for example, he states that “the path was broken by steep, thickly bouldered streams, frozen solid and ribbed with blue

Bowden begins his narrative with a hasty generalization when he comments “[I] astonishingly, was never struck by a nun or molested by a priest” (1). Although he is saying none of this stereotypical behavior happened to him, he is still reminding the audience of the behavior, which could turn away Catholic readers with such striking pathos. Then, he introduces the context of his education, which is ethos because he did

Presenting literature to the public that is meant to be a commentary on social or political issues, masked under the guise of entertaining and fictional, is a tool implemented by authors and activists for centuries. While not all satire is as overt as Jonathan Swift’s suggestion that we eat the babies, it does not diminish the eyebrow raising suggestions that are conveyed once the meaning has been discovered. In Aphra Behn’s The History of the Nun and Eliza Haywood’s Fantomina, the established expectations of the female role within society are brought into question then directly rejected. These expectations establish that women should be deferential to men, morally unblemished, and virtuous at all times. Men, however, are not held to these expectations in the same way. The masculine roles assumed by Isabella and Fantomina demonstrate a private rebellion against the established patriarchal society as it warns against the under-estimation of women and proves that women exist independently.

But Friar Alberto and Monna Lisetta were not Boccaccio’s only example of mischief that had its roots in a church: the wife of Pietro di Vinciolo essentially asked a friend to arrange extramarital liaisons for her in exchange for a piece of jerky. According

Matthew Lewis’s The Monk, published in 1796, depicts the Catholic Church in Madrid as the victim of religious perversion caused by the pride and lust of its leaders. The events of the novel, including the monk Ambrosio’s surrender to temptation, leading to the rape and murder of innocent Antonia, as well as Agnes’s imprisonment by the vain Prioress of St. Clare’s Convent, serve to emphasize the lack of true religious devotion in the city of Madrid. However, despite the shocking events of the novel, the city had already fallen prey to temptation, and had ultimately strayed from the path of the Church long before these new atrocities took place.

La Bohème is an opera in four acts, composed by Giacomo Puccini, which was based on Henri Murger’s “Scènes de la vie de bohème”. The first world performance of the opera occurred sometime in early February 1896, at the Teatro Regio. It was conducted by Arturo Toscanini U.S. premiere took place the year after (1897) in the city of L.A. Since then, the popularity La Bohème has only proliferated. Toscanini conducted a performance of La Bohème on radio, fifty years after the original debut of the opera, the NBC Symphony Orchestra. The legendary opera was eventually put on records and CD’s. To this date, the recording holds the title of being the only recording of a Puccini opera to be released by its original

Dr. Edwards decompressed his jealousy in a sarcastic tone, “We can buy priest and nun costumes if you need to confess, you got that Sister Stella? If you want to have that conclave we can have it but all we get to do is look, no touching!”