The Decision Making Is Defined As A Cognitive Process

The decision making process includes cognitive processes that eventually lead to a choice in action while taking into consideration the alternative possibilities (Allen, Dorozenko, & Roberts, 2016). Not all choices have to lead to an action. The values and preferences of the person making the choice also comes into play when making the final decision. Problem-solving to obtain a certain goal or satisfactory by a solution is the main reason people go through the decision making process (Stefaniak, & Tracey, 2014). This process has many factors that end with one final result or solution. The decisions made can be rational or irrational and can be determined by explicit or tacit knowledge (Qingyao, Dongyu, & Weihua, 2016). Since the decision making process can be very difficult at time, psychologists have viewed the process in different perspectives to get a better understanding (Rossi, Picchi, Di Stefano, Marongiu, & Scarsini, 2015). The different perspectives include; psychological, cognitive, and normative or communicative rationality.

2.1 Evaluate the decision making models which are used to support decision making 2.2 Identify those to be involved in analysing information and decision making 2.3 Evaluate methods of presenting decisions made

She makes the decision to stop investing her economic resources in an unfruitful endeavor and sends Wes to military school. The steps she takes resulting in Wes attending military school depicts the five step decision making model process mentioned in our textbook. The decision making model is an outline of steps an individual uses to recognize a problem and determine appropriate solutions for that problem. The steps to the decision making process model are: Recognizing existing needs, Identifying alternatives to meet those needs, evaluating the alternatives, selecting and implementing those alternatives and reflecting on the resulting outcomes (Moore & Asay,2013,p. 8).

Most decisions are made with analysis, but some are judgment calls not susceptible to analysis due to time or information constraints. Please write about a judgment call you’ve made recently that couldn’t be analyzed. It can be a big or small one, but should focus on a business issue. What was the situation, the alternatives you considered and evaluated, and your decision making process? Be sure to explain why you chose the alternative you did relative to others considered.

2. Which of the six steps in the decision-making process do you think is the most important? Explain

The decision making process can also be divided into seven steps, where the first step will basically involve defining the problem. These steps allow for the main issue to be identified, and therefore the manager should make sure that it has been done correctly. After the problem identification stage, we can move forward and identify the limiting factors, and in this the manager should make use of all resources available to do it the best way. Some of the resources include information, time, personnel, equipment and supplies. Using this, managers can be able to identify the factors that might hinder them from achieving their goals.

Mark, was running late that morning, when he identifies a spill on the floor, his decision would either assist keep the environment safe by taking a moment to call the environmental services team while guarding the area to avoid falls or assume someone walking near the spill will see and avoid stepping on it. Every day will encounter opportunities for decision making that work to either improve or hinder patient care (GCU, n.d).

1. Use the decision-making model (page 196) presented in the chapter to map the decisions being made in these situations. Identify how, where, and why different decisions might be made.

Patients face numerous difficulties when making health related decisions. When a physician presents patients with a number of treatment strategies, patients method of decision analysis is not compatible with the rational expected utility maximisation model; they do not have full access to all the relevant information or skills to make a truly informed decision; they do not have the computational ability to determine the expected utility of each possible outcome; and they are not capable of appropriately weighting each option according to its likelihood of occurrence. Though this issue is naturally thought to be one of asymmetric information between the physician and the patient, simply providing patients with all of the facts is not effective unless the physician has a good understanding and awareness of how people reason.

The rational decision-making model describes a series of steps that decision makers should consider if their goal is to maximize the quality of their outcome. In other words, if you want to make sure that you make the best choice, going through the formal steps of the rational decision-making model may make sense. The following are the steps taken to come to a rational decision: 1. Identify the problem, 2. Establish decision criteria, 3. Weigh decision criteria, 4. Generate alternatives, 5. Evaluate the alternative, 6. Choose the best alternative, 7. Implement the decision, 8. Evaluate the decision.

Organizational behavior helps managers to improve the organization in a good way. Decision making process is the one of the behavior in human organizational behavior. According to McShane and Von Glinow (2000), “decision making a conscious process of making choices among one or more alternatives with the intention of moving toward some desired state of affairs”. Decision making is a linear process and it includes six steps such as identifying the problems, gather and evaluate data, list and evaluate alternatives, select best action, implement the decision and getter feedback (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).

A model of decision making known as the Rational Decision Making Model arises from organization behavior. This includes working through series of five stages path from problem identification and to the solutions.

Many methods have been developed to simplify the decision making process. In this paper, the rational model of decision making will be discussed first. Then, some of the factors that cause deviation in the rational

This report will discuss about the approach to rational decision making process. It discusses how an everyday problem faced by management can be tackled by using

Thinking is a way that people make decisions. They think in black and white and don’t like the gray areas. Thinkers tend to be task-oriented, brief, and businesslike (Thinking vs. feeling, n.d.). People who prefer thinking over feeling prefer to form their opinions after thoroughly analyzing problems. They try to understand assumptions and figure out what could be the consequences of actions before they get to them. Their main concern is how decisions will affect the bottom line. Thinkers like debates because they believe it brings issues to the table and the group can talk them out and come to conclusions. They expect other people’s arguments to build to a conclusion and not just be a ramble. They try to treat everybody equally, but also use their authority when determining how new things will be implemented (Hammer, 2015). They can come off as cold because they don’t consider other people’s emotions when making decisions (Collins, n.d.).