Decline Of Crime Rates In Canada

The two primary data sources discuss in this abstract will be the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS). These data sources are reporting mechanism that tracks criminal activities in the United States and foreign countries. To articulate why crime exists and the extent of a crime, criminologists use records that are collected, compiled, and analyzed by government agencies such as the federal government’s Bureau of Justice Statistics (Siegel, Larry J., 2006, p 31). The official data is used to focus on the social forces that affect crime in regards to the relationship between crime and poverty, criminologist uses the data which provides

Reiman and Leighton comprehensively begin the discussion of crime by outlining their main objectives, establishing the immediate problems surrounding crime control in America, and setting the groundwork for their premises. In recent years, the crime rate in the United States has declined. This decline is generally attributed to ‘tough on crime’ and mass incarceration policies, but the authors are quick to assert that other variables--economic, social-- are greater contributors to this decrease, with the ‘imprisonment binge’ only actually contributing a small amount to the decline. These strict crime enforcement policies might have a small impact on crime prevention, but criminologists are concerned with the potential effect such policies might have on criminal justice procedures--promoting profit rather than safety-- and endangering citizens’ rights (particularly those considered minorities).

The book’s fourth chapter, “Where have All the Criminals Gone?” in particular, includes several subjects the authors acknowledge will “provoke a variety of reactions, ranging from disbelief to revulsion, and a variety of objections” (140). By this point, readers already know the authors’ view that the legalization of abortion in Roe v. Wade caused the drop in crime during the 1990s because this idea first appears on page four. Rather than simply explaining why abortion lowered crime rates, Levitt and Dubner use a chart to introduce seven explanations commonly cited by experts for the sudden drop in crime during the 1990s, then examine the authenticity of each one. The first possible cause is “a fairly uncontroversial one: the strong economy”

When we get into how society and people look at crime, it happens in every city, every neighborhood, people are victims every day, businesses, and even property. Crime dates back since colonization and the rates have varied over time, believe it or not, crime has decreased over the years. As a matter of fact, the United States has been on a decline. The crime rate for the year 2000 was a total of 11,608,072 a declining year in 2015 with a total of 9,225,197. (U.S. Department of Justice)

Crime rate has increased in California since 2010, and even increased dramatically since the 1990s, because there have been many unsuccessful policies to decrease the crime rates. I am for the government to use taxpayers money to reduce crimes in our communities by increasing numbers of police officers to the streets and providing a system to help inmates from returning to prison. Everyone has a different perception when it comes to crime, When we think of crime, we probably think of the dangerous characters we see played in the movies. What exactly is crime? Crime is illegal activity that is prohibited by the law. Basically, crime is any act, which breaks the law or fails to obey some requirement of the law.

To test the null hypothesis, if the P-Value of the test is less than 0.05 I will reject the null hypothesis.

Due to the conflicting approaches between NYS and Canada on handling crime, I felt Canada was a good choice for this comparison. Canada in 1975 showed an even lower crime rate than NYS (see figure 1) but also peaked around the same years that NYS did (See figure 2 and 3 for visual comparison), with Canada’s highest violent crime rate in the range of dates falling in 1993 at 1082. Canada’s last data year was 2013, with a crime rate of 766. At first glance, the drop doesn’t seem as strong as the one NYS made, however, this is a significant decrease from years before, with the drop between 2012-2013 at 75. In NYS, the drop between 2013-2014 was only 12 (See figure 1). Additionally, the violent crime rate for NYS seems to be leveling out (see figure 2), whereas the violent crime rate for Canada appears to be starting to drop significantly (see figure 3). Overall, however, violent crime rates have dropped significantly for both areas since the 1990s, the peak rate of crime for both areas in this range of dates.

Many citizens believe that there is more and more crime occurring in the United States each year. However, evidence suggests that, for the most part, the United States’ crime rate is decreasing while the rest of the world’s crime rates are increasing. The rate of both violent crimes and property crimes have significantly decreased in the past two decades. In 2014, there were 9.4 million crimes reported, which is a drastic improvement from the 13.8 million crimes that were reported in 1995. Even though these are only statistics for the number of crimes that were reported to the authorities, the trends of victimization also support the idea the crime rates are declining.

The central idea of the book focuses on practical ideas and specific crime problems and what to do about each. Although this book covers various topics, I am going to discuss the big crime problems and how to reduce each crime problem.

In chapter 4 the chapter considers a variety of possible explanations for the significant drop in crime and crime rates that occurred in the 1990s. Based on articles that appeared in the country’s largest newspapers, the authors compile a list of the leading, commonly offered explanations. The next step is to systematically examine each explanation and consider whether available data support the explanation. What the authors, in fact, demonstrate is that in all but three cases–increased reliance on prisons, increased number of police, and changes in illegal drug markets–correlation was erroneously interpreted as causation and in some cases, the correlation wasn’t even that strong.

*There are many theories why crime dropped in the 1990s but one of the most interesting ideas is about the effects of exposure to lead on children and their behaviors.*

Early on in the book you get a taste for the authors’ style of writing. On page 3 is the first time you see the style you get all of the typical things you see throughout the book with the writers’ satirical style and his out of the box theories. On page 3 the authors introduce their theory that crime rate is dropping because a single woman in Texas wants an abortion. The writers first lead you in by telling you about the encourage and widely accepted theory of why crime rate is dropping. The writers pick at this idea a little by saying that nobody even challenge this theory and if it is true then all along we had the power to stop crime from rising and nobody before did or thought of anything to stop crime from ruining our cities and society.

The national crime rate has been dropping for the past several years. Over a 38% drop has been reported since 1993. The drop in the crime rate of America is mainly because of three top reasons. These reasons include the involvement of the community, the offenders of small crimes are being interrogated to come up with leads of larger crimes, and the new computer technology available today.

“Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach” takes a unique approach on analyzing crime rate trends by looking not at the characteristics and identities of the offenders of crime, but at circumstances and environmental factors surrounding the crime (in this case only crimes confined to predator violence that involves physical contact) that takes place. The piece analyzes several different aspects of what the authors refer to as ‘routine activities.’ By showing real data collected over a significant time span, the article argues that changes to the structural pattern of these routine activities has led to the increase in crime rates despite the general improvement of social conditions. The idea that for a crime to

Crime exists everywhere in the world – in rural and urban areas in many countries, in the East and West, and among all types of people. This has led many government officials, especially those in urban areas, to focus largely on the reduction of crime among their respective constituencies and has led others to speculate on the factors that influence the amount of crime and how those factors can be controlled. Crime has been around since man and there is no doubt that it will continue to be around, until there is an existence of a perfect world. But for now, we