The Decline Of The 19th Century

Department stores, Chain stores, and mail order's houses were how retail sales and distribution techniques of the late nineteenth century made goods and conveniences formerly enjoyed by city dwellers available to Americans in small towns and the countryside. Americans no longer had to make their own clothes but, now they had the leisure of picking and buying clothes from a department store. Due to chain stores buying in preparing food had changed. A new industry of packing and selling foods had been invented. The mass production and new development of tin can had inspired an industry of canned foods. Refrigerated railroad cars and iceboxes made it possible for perishable food items to be kept fresh. These developments brought a healthy improvement

Silk soon became an imperial monopoly, and through this way, the trade of luxury items became the Byzantine’s main source of income. The location of Constantinople also aided in military conquest and defence, for the empire’s naval headquarters were located along the shores, and had access to the Black Sea and Mediterranean. Because of the Empire’s location, all but overlapping the fallen Roman’s territory, the Byzantine Empire was greatly affected by these Roman’s past traditions and ways of life.

The Romans used commerce to consolidate the provinces and territories of their vast empire. Being a part of the Empire was of great economic benefit to almost all of the members; insomuch as the Romans built roads and protected sea routes, and inasmuch as the Roman Empire was so large, the Roman Empire’s subjects benefited from what amounted to a massive free trade zone. Roman commerce was a major factor in preserving the Empire for so long.

Toward the latter part of the 19th century, bustling America, in response to the trends of industrialization and urbanization that characterized its Gilded Age, began its new century by entering into a new historical/political epoch that came to be known as the Progressive Era. This distinctive period in history (spanning from the 1890s through 1920) found progressives seeking to use the American federal government as a means of change through social, political, and economic reforms. Politically, the passage of the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th amendments are evidence of the success of progressive reformers, despite the fact that some of the new laws failed to create desired social changes. The efforts of the progressives were mainly effective when it came to social reforms related to worker’s rights and child labor, but less productive in attaining improved civil rights for African-American citizens. In addition, the government was, to a large extent, successful in the establishment of economic reforms to aid the working class, such as those enforced by Woodrow Wilson’s “Triple Wall of Privilege”; however, President Roosevelt’s famous anti-trust efforts were ultimately not far-reaching enough at the time to eliminate all problematic corporate monopolies and related corruption.

The Crusades required soldiers to travel across the Mediterranean Sea to reach Jerusalem. Hence, Italian merchants built fleets to carry to Crusaders to the Holy Land. According to the Description of the Economic Impact of the Crusades, after the crusades, Italian merchants “used those fleets to open new markets” and “kept these trade routes open” (Document 2). When the Crusaders came back from the Holy Land, new items such as sugar, cotton, and rice entered Europe for the first time since the fall of the Roman Empire. Once Europeans were exposed to luxuries, they wanted more and more. Trade increased all throughout Europe, and the West entered a period of economic expansion. However, not only did Europe experience perks from the crusades, but so did the Muslims. The passage Description of some of the Effects of the Crusades describes how Muslim rulers “encouraged trade with European businessmen” (Document 5). Because Europe was in desperate need of the Islamic Empire’s sugar, cotton, and rice, Islam markets experienced new wealth and riches. Thus, both Europe and the Muslim Empire benefited from an increase in

When the crusades began there was a rise in trade, decreased feudalism, and new access to trade with the Middle East. Europeans also had a desire for luxuries from the Byzantine Empire. The increase in trading with the Byzantine Empire led to new ideas, food products, and household goods. The food products from the Byzantine Empire were: rice, coffee, sherbet, dates, apricots, lemons, sugar, and spices such as ginger, melons, rhubarb and dates. The household goods traded were: mirrors, carpets, cotton cloth for clothing, ships compasses, writing

The Arab empire had a better trade than the byzantine empire. I think they had a better trade because they spread out their religion.Another reason they spread out is they had more resources.

The Aegean Sea, containing more than 2,000 islands was heavily relied on for trade, which in turn brought prosperity to the Byzantine Empire. Trade became their main source of income with trade traveling as far as Spain and Egypt. “Commercial sea trading became their main source of income and, in time, they colonized the various islands of the Aegean archipelago and produced various commodities such as figs, grapes, wine, raisins, honey, wheat, assorted vegetables, and herbs” (Mark 3). This sea played a role in development of Greek culture because it provided transportation for trade. This led to job specialization with occupations such as fishermen and shipbuilders. Because of its location, the earliest civilization in Europe appeared on the coasts and islands of the Aegean Sea.

During the period of 1450 to 1700, Europe flourished economically, leaving a growing population craving access to lush Asian goods. However, with the fall of Constantinople in 1453, the Ottoman Empire assumed control over the coveted trade routes, creating obstacles for European merchants who neither had goods to offer or shared a common religion with such folk. These hurdles, along with the religious zeal of Christian missionaries and curiosity of European mariners led Western Europe to look elsewhere, specifically the Atlantic, for new trade routes. Although the hypothetical “Northwest Passage” was never found, Atlantic trade, more commonly known as the Columbian Exchange, boomed. With its primary commerce in slaves, silver, and spices, this

First Off, the Islamic and Byzantine empire had many similarities, one of them being the successful trade.With the addition to larger towns along the western coast of Arabia, it became market towns for local, regional, and long-distance trade goods. Not only did the advancement of larger towns create a stronger import for trade goods, by the early 600s AD, trade routes expanded by Arabia running from the extreme south of the peninsula to the Byzantine and Sassanid. (M.8, L.1, P.270) To add on, because of the two major sea-trading networks - Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean, the Muslim Empire could engage in Sea Trade throughout the rest of the world. Overall the location of key trade routes gave the caliph access to trade goods, such as gold and information about the far-flung empire. (M.8, L.2, P.282) Now in the Byzantine Empire, the Crusades played a major role in the development and expansion on trade. With the Crusades traveling to the Holy Land, it increased trade and commerce, as well as give more job opportunities for the women and others left behind. The expanded trade between Europe and Southwest Asia was a result of European merchants who traded in the Crusader states. Overall, the trade between the west benefited both the Christians and Muslims by increasing the trade, shared

Trade had a great impact on both the Medieval islamic empire and the Byzantine Empire. This happened because of economic,political,and social factors. Trade actually had a greater impact on the Medieval islamic Empire.

The emperors had a he traded with the Mediterranean Sea had constantly defeat by the barbarians. Roman used its gold and silver to buy extravagances that were trade in from China, India, and Arabia. By the way the silver contented in money declined, the money lost value too. Although Emperor Diocletian tried to control the price rise throughout the Empire, he allotted a rule that fixed prices and wages. His attempted fail since his ideas were naive. Also, the slaves played an important role in Rome economic because the slaves were of one who work in the fields and as craftsmen. In the second century, Rome's supply of slaves and the wars treasures initiated come to a halt. As vandals took North Africa and its empire's trade was disrupting by robbing the Mediterranean as adventurers. The fell of Rome Empire was certain because of its commercial and agricultural production in decay, taxation issues, and disruptive trader by the pirates in the Mediterranean. Roman

The Byzantine cconomy was one of the largest systems throughout Europe and the Mediterannean for many centuries. Both local and international trade were of huge importance for the Byzantine Empire. Lower class, including traders, depended on the upper class. Their need of the foreign goods in order to stay in Local trade was much less popular. Throughout the fourth and sixth centuries, long-distance trade was operating successfully, until the plague appeared, which killed around one-third of the citizens in the Byzantine Empire, and ruined the trade networks. The Byzantine economy had recovered in the tenth century, and Italian merchants

Once upon a time a group of wise, sober, and honest traders lived in Syria. They exported spices, gold, satins, etc far and wide. It so happened that the leading traders of this prosperous group made up their minds to go to Rome for business purposes. (141)

The first half of the 19th century was a time of sweeping changes. With transportation, and factories increasing, North America was in for a major upgrade. While all of those things are going on, the two regions that made up the growing nation was the North and South. These two sides were very different in their approach of lifestyle which would soon lead to conflicts. Two issues stood out more than others as the North and South headed towards civil war. One reason increase of tariffs and taxes the Congress placed on the south to ship goods to other countries. The other was the idea of keeping slavery in the country. The tariffs placed economic inequality between the northern states and the southern states.