How the Decline of the Ottoman Empire Led to the Armenian Genocide
Extended Essay in History
Word Count: 3941
Douglas County High School
Douglasville, GA, USA
Examination Session:
May 2016
Kiran Lakhani
ABTRACT
Through the investigation of the changes occurring from the first European presence in the Muslim world to the end of the Ottoman Empire, this essay attempts to answer why the Armenian genocide occurred. The Ottoman Empire started its decline when Napoleon entered Egypt in 1798. Napoleon brought along with him armies but also a new culture. The British did the same with Moghul India. The elite and people in positions of power were impressed by what the Europeans and the Americans were doing and seeing how powerful and successful they were. The Turks in the Ottoman Empire wanted the same. The Young Turks overthrew the Sultan of the time and started a reform of the Ottoman Empire to try to salvage it. The Young Turks also believed that all people regardless of religion or ethnicity deserved the same rights.
The Armenians were one of the ethnicities that were in the minority. They obtained more rights when the policy was put in place. Before the Armenians received their right they were rebelling against the Ottomans. This was frightening to the majority. Massacres of the minorities, especially the Armenians started well before 1915, but the killings progressed in 1915. Many of the Armenians were deported and forced to leave their homes. In 1915
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People call President Trump's son-in-law Jared Kushner a lot of things. Now, they can add "female" to the list. According to the New York Board of Elections, Kushner made an error on his voter registration form saying he was not, in fact, a male.
The genocide began on April 24, 1915, when “300 Armenian political leaders, educators, writers, clergy and dignitaries in Istanbul were taken from their homes, briefly jailed and tortured, then hanged or shot” just for being a non-believer in the Muslim religion (UHRC, par. 19). After this, many Armenian men were being arrested for no real reason. They were then taken and shot or bayoneted by Turkish soldiers. Now, it was time for the Armenian women and children. These people were “ordered to pack a few belongings and be ready to leave home, under the pretext that they were being relocated to a non-military zone for their own safety when they were actually being taken on death marches heading south toward the Syrian Desert” (UHRC, par. 21). Over a million people took part in these “death marches” with almost ¾ of people dying while traveling through the desert.
The Armenians were convinced that they will finally be as equal as the Turkish Muslims.Unfortunately for the Armenians, three of the Young Turks seized control of the government in 1913. Their goal was to unite all Turkic in the region, while expanding Turkey's borders eastward across The Caucasus all the way to Central Asia (“United Human Rights Council”). However, the Armenians were the only ethnic group in between them and the nationalist Turks wanted to get rid of them all (“Armenian Genocide”). When World War I broke out, the Young Turks believed it was the perfect opportunity to solve the “Armenian Question” once and for
The aggressors engaged in the genocide because the Armenians were the first Christian nation and wanted independence. What really occurred in the genocide was a massacre against many of Armenian men, women, and the elderly. There were many attempts made to stop the Turks in the genocide but the Russian troops were the ones who helped the surviving Armenians. The Armenian men were shot in small groups while being tied together with rope. The children were converted from Christians into Muslims and the boys went through a painful circumsion. The women and the elderly were forced onto a death march which lastly months. If they tried to rest they were brutally beaten and focused to get back and march. Those who survived the march were killed when they got to the destination by being drowned, thrown off a cliff, or burned alive. At least 600,000 Armenians were killed in the
The Armenian Genocide was the mass-massacre of Armenians by a group of reformers that took power in 1908, known as the “Young Turks” (Vahagn 797). These reformers believed that the Armenians posed a threat to Turkey, especially during World War I. Due to this, the Armenians were discriminated against before the genocide, as the “Christian Armenians were thought to
The start of the genocide started early in the year of 1915. The Turkish government starts to poke at an Armenian massacre by publicly accusing and punishing Armenian bakers on an obviously false charge of poisoning their bread (Genocide). By this time the Turks have also disarmed most of the Armenians that are/were serving in the military (FACT SHEET).
At the beginning of the twentieth century from 1915 to 1923 conflicts arose between a group called the Young Turks and Armenians in the Ottoman empire. Many Armenians were driven from their homes and forced to march from the land they once called home to the deserts of Syria. Others were killed in massacres that took place across the Ottoman empire and those who remained were forced to convert. During the eight year genocide about one and a half million Armenians perished and another million were deported. Tragedies like these lead many to wonder how humans could commit such awful crimes towards each other. Religious differences, political suspicions, and treating Armenians as social inferiors were issues between Turks and Armenians that led up to, and exploded during the Armenian Genocide.
In the ottoman empire there was robbery, beating, kidnapping and murder of Armenians at the hands of the ottoman Turkish soldiers. The government wanted to eliminate the empire's Christian population, which included the Armenians. This disturb United States ambassador Henry Morgenthau.
Background: In order to fully understand the Armenian experience in Turkey as natives and then as minorities, it is crucial to discuss the historical background before the genocide, within the genocide, and after the genocide. In the pre-genocidal period, Armenians were living under the Millet system, which is the Arabic word for nation. In fact, the Millet system didn’t refer to an ethic group but to a religious community instead. Although under the millet system Armenians were subordinated and paid additional taxes, they were protected under the Islamic Law. However, since the beginning of the persecution of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, the phenomenon of migration had taken a dramatical turn. Natives had to leave
As I continue in 1914 Turks join the world War 1 on the side of Germany and the Hungarian Empire, during this time a war was declared by the Ottoman Religious making a holy war against all Christians. Military leaders began to say that they were traitors. the Turkish government arrested and executed several hundred Armenian intellectuals “ordinary Armenians were turned out of their homes and sent on death marches through the Mesopotamian desert without food or water.” ( History.com, 2010) And even sometimes stripped naked and forced to walk in the scorching sun until they dropped dead and those who gave up along the march to rest they were shot. The “Young Turks” made “special organizations” (“killing squad” or “the liquidation of the Christian element”) they burned them alive, throw them off cliffs and drowned them. In 1922 when the genocide was over around 388,000 Armenians were
“The great massacres of 1894–1896, followed by others in 1909–1912, constituted a profound shock to the Armenian community, which was stripped of its land, ancestry, and culture” (“Armenian Genocide”).
The Armenians were discriminated against and abused. They were Christians, while the Turkish government was mainly Muslim. This caused the government to think lowly of the Armenians since they feared the
The first Armenian Genocide happened back in 1894 and 1896. Armenian citizens had always been neglected and denied certain rights, such as participation in the government, and were currently protesting to try and make their voices heard. During one such protest, Turkish
The Armenian Massacre happened in 1894-1896 and the Armenian Genocide happened in 1915-1920 which was caused by the Turkish Government. The Turkish Government’s aim was to remove all the Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire because they were more educated and wealthier then the Turkish population . The Turkish Government was also worried that the Armenians would become allies with Russia, who were a threat to Turkey . They killed and deported the Armenians to prevent this happening. It has been estimated