Defence Diplomacy Research Paper

It is thus evident that globalisation has had a great impact on defence policy, due to the emergence and increased danger of non-state actors, highlighting a need to revise policy formulation in order to combat the threats they pose.

The foreign, military and economic policies of states, the intersections of these policies in areas of change or dispute, and the general structure of relations which they create, are all analysed in terms of aspirations to achieve national and/or international security. Security is most commonly associated with the alleviation of threats to cherished values (Williams; 2008). However this is a definition that is undesirably vague and a reflection of the inherent nature of security as an ‘essentially contested concept’ (Gallie; 1962). Security in the modern day context has many key concepts associated with it: uncertainty, war, terrorism, genocide and mass killing, ethnic conflict, coercion,

The Government of Canada should focus on foreign policy as many issues involving foreign policy directly affect many Canadians and the interests of Canada. In the past, Canada was seen as a generous contributor to the economic and social development of poorer countries, but more recent cutbacks to aid budgets and the lack of involvement in UN peacekeeping operations have brought down Canada’s positive image surrounding the topic of foreign policy. In addition to cutbacks to aid budgets, there have been cutbacks to the budget of the Department of National Defence; a vital part in the protection of

As Kelly Anderson’s Foreign Policy Analyst, the following memo will address three areas of the United States’ foreign policy. The U.S. has gone through may transition when it comes to its foreign policy. The United States has been an isolationist, neutralist, and internationalist country from the year it was founded to now. The executive branch and the president apply their power to influence and change the nation’s foreign policy. There are specific departments within the Executive Office of the President (EOP) created to assist the president in his or her process. Political context and historical events have occurred to prove why intervening with another country’s issues does not benefit the national interest and why isolationism is a better system for this country. Hopefully, the memo will accomplish informing what the foreign policy is, was, and should be.

On Thursday 12/08/2016 at approximately 0242 hours, East Security was dispatched to 4 West Unit, room #4137 in response to a (53B) Disorderly Baker Act Patient in Medical Unit. Upon arrival, Security was informed by A.N.M. Abbgil Bell that Baker Act Patient, Lora Elizabeth Partain (DOB: 02/13/83 - Fin# 86556339) was screaming, cursing at medical staff and had requested a certain type of medication. Security Officers walked over to the room and explained to the patient that she was to refrain from verbally harassed medical staff and that she had to follow protocol. We advised her that to comply with nursing staff. The patient stated that she had requested the medication because she was on withdraw. Charge Nurse Bell advised the patient that

Australia and Japan’s relationship has strengthened greatly over the last few decades. Japan has emerged from an enemy at the end of world war two to one of Australia’s most important allies today. The relationship between the two focuses on a number of areas, in particular trade, as Japan’s economy is very prosperous to Australia. Maintaining such a relationship has not always been straightforward, often presenting difficulties where the countries stray in values and opinions. Diplomats from both countries have worked hard to keep this positive relationship working. Diplomacy has allowed for Japan and Australia to receive benefits from one another while preventing major problems from arising. If troubles have developed, they have been dealt with swiftly in fear they could cause damage to the Australia-Japan relationship. Some areas the diplomatic relationship covers are the economical, cultural, security and environmental relations. Australian diplomacy has contributed to strengthening the international relationship with Japan.

foreign policy, strategic goals, emerging security concerns, and regional affairs. Earning this graduate degree will further develop my understanding in these critical areas and, most importantly, teach me the skills to stay ahead in the rapidly changing international relations and security environment. Furthermore, I want to enhance the effectiveness of the Army in its many existing partnerships with nations around the world and help shape new ones as my career progresses. It only took a few times out in the villages of Afghanistan to realize that without Afghanistan's Government and their Security Forces as the face of coalition initiatives, the people would never support any of those initiatives. After this lesson in counterinsurgency, I then learned the importance of the alliances we hold with other nations from my most recent assignment to Japan. With our military resources spread across the globe and security challenges from countries like China and North Korea it is evident how crucial our allies and partners like Japan, South Korea, Australia and the South East Asian Nations are to help deter aggression and promote regional stability. I strongly believe our international partnerships are one of, if not, the most critical component of international security and will only continue to increase in importance with the growing number of threats we face. Again, it is because of this I desire a professional academic background in all the complexities of international security and I believe the international security program has all the right components to send me back to the Army a leader in this

Australia and Australians naturally pursue to advance and maintain the security, economic prosperity and advocate our liberal democratic values by committing and showcasing them internationally. These three aspects are crucial and considered Australia’s key national interests due to their importance and essential benefits. Defence can support and aid us in recovery when we face unpredictable events of adversity. Our liberal democracy demonstrates a strong belief and core system which allows Australians to have political and economic freedom whilst having an approach to international affairs. Australia’s liberal democracy is also strongly linked to and requires a stable and resourceful economy in order for it to function. This enables

The first challenge for Australian foreign policy is to maximize the economic and security opportunities by maintaining their relationship with Indonesia and ASEAN. In the case with Indonesia, Indonesia is one of Australia’s closest friends as the two countries share strong security and economic system. In terms of politics, Indonesia is essential to Australia because Indonesia plays a key role in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations so a steady relationship with Indonesia is required for a cohesive and productive relationship with ASEAN. Moreover, Indonesia is the most important country in Southeast Asia with one of the most powerful military forces in the region. Therefore, Indonesia already controls and wants to improve its effect over ASEAN. According to researches, Indonesian motives for improving its role as regional peacekeeper have been revealed in recent perspectives by the general of the Indonesia’s military, who stated, Indonesian motives of playing a ‘big brother’ role with the respect to security in ASEAN and in the region (Tiernan, 2007).

The United States (US) is constantly looking for ways to improve relations with other countries and to follow their National Security Strategy (NSS). To aid the US in analyzing different countries, the PMESII-PT is used as a formula to keep everyone on the same page. The PMESII-PT contains eight different variables which help the United States analyze how different countries can affect their National Security Strategy. These variables include: political, military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, physical terrain, and time. These variables can be used to help better understand the situation and most important aspects of any country. Japan is a major country that can have a large impact on US relations and build on the current NSS. Throughout this paper, the PMESII-PT variables are examined to help educate and show how Japan can affect the United States’ NSS. After reading this paper, one can gain knowledge on how Japan can have a large influence on US interests in the Pacific/ Asian Command (PACOM) region.

The formation of NATO and SEATO can be understood by examining the principles of defensive realism, where states seek survival and great powers guarantee their security by forming balancing alliances against a common threat

The United States has been at the forefront of international affairs for many years and has gotten to a point where the democratic nation has established a strong political influence, a political presence that sends shockwaves throughout the international arena whenever nations display political indifferences; some of which may involve the United States. If tension were to ever arise between feuding nations, a proficient and skilled leader must take ahold of the matter and find all possible solutions to diffuse the situation in order to protect the public interests of it’s citizens. As a representative of the United States and their international policies, a successful secretary of state must be able to project themselves with an

As reiterated by past White Papers (1994,2000,2009,2013), “what matters most is that they [the neighbour states] are not a source of threat to Australia, and no major military power that could challenge our control of the air and sea approaches to Australia has access to bases in our neighbourhood from which to project force against us” (2009). Accordingly, effective governance and internal stability of the neighbour states are important as any deterioration of them could make the countries vulnerable to external influence which might become direct threats to Australia’s continental interests. Thus supporting domestic stability and facilitating effective governance of the neighbour countries are the essential objectives for Australia’s expeditionary operations once situations require them to respond and to act. Past experience in East Timor and PNG serve as the best

It is important to take into account that no country’s defence is totally self-sufficient (McLennan 2002). Australia will be unable to have an absolute independent defence policy, due to the multifaceted and reliant nature of modern society. States can only sustain some control and ‘relative independence’ through channels such as collective action. By looking at Australia’s defence paper in history it shows that since the end of the Vietnam War, Australia has created a defence policy with the foreground on self-reliance, the capability to protect Australia without allied fighting arms. The concept of self-reliance emerged from worries when the United States did not come to support the conflict with Indonesia (Fruhling 2014). The 1967 Australian Defence White Paper was the first paper that focused on the concept of self-reliance as main policy idea (Fruhling 2014). The core concept of self-reliance entailed Australia to pursue a defence force that was capable of independent action to achieve broader foreign policy objectives. However, the notion of ‘self-reliance’ was changed when the 2013 White Paper was released. It underlined the importance of self-reliance within the context of our Alliance with the United States and our cooperation with other countries in the region to deal with the challenges emerging from the Indo-Pacific (Fruhling 2014). The notion of ‘self-reliance’ was reinterpreted in a way that mismatched with the prior notion of self-reliance. The change in language shows that there are many factors that show that there are little reasons for Australia to create self-reliant operations in the defence of Australia. These reasons are, but not inclusive, Indonesia is no longer a threat, Australia’s isolated location allows it to be distant from the main foci of tension and possible future conflict, no states will be able to

Contemporary international relations is a complex field. Understanding events and attempting to make sense of them can be a daunting task. There are, however, tools available, which can assist in providing clarity to these complex issues. The first of these tools is historic knowledge. Without historic background of an issue, it is nearly impossible to understand the events driving that issue in modern times. A second tool, the one which will be the focus of this paper, is international relations theory. Theory can be defined as “a belief, policy, or procedure proposed or followed as the basis of action,” (Merriam-Webster) and can be used “in many cases as a basis of prediction.” (Mingst 56) There are three major theories which we