The Definite Haemodynamic Diagnosis Of Pulmonary Hypertension

Inside the heart the four chambers were clearly defined and hollow. The wall on the left side of the heart was much thicker and firmer than the wall on the right side. The wall on the right side was very thin. The valves appeared stringy, stretchy and very long.

1. The pulmonary circuit is supplied by which ‘side” of the heart? The systemic circuit? The right atrium

other intense tests can be done to make the diagnosis much clearer such as Doppler echocardiogram, this uses sound waves to show the function of the right ventricle to measure the blood flow through the heart valves, and then calculate the systolic pulmonary artery pressure. There is also an X-ray, this is done on the chest. This can show any increase or decrease in size of the right ventricle and arteries. A simpler test such as the 6-minute walk test, this controls exercise patience level and blood oxygen saturation level during exercise. There is also a Pulmonary function test, this seeks for other lung conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis compared to others. Also there is a 'Polysomnogram or overnight oximetry', this monitors sleep apnea (results in low oxygen levels at night). Also a right heart catheterization, this measures various heart pressures ( inside the pulmonary arteries, coming from the left side of the heart), the rate at which the heart is able to pump blood, and finds any leaks between the right and left sides of the heart.

In a normal human being the heart correctly functions by the blood first entering through the right atrium from the superior and inferior vena cava. This blood flow continues through the right atrioventricular valve into the right ventricle. The right ventricle contracts forcing the pulmonary valve to open leading blood flow through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary trunk. Blood is then distributed from the right and left pulmonary arteries to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is unloaded and oxygen is loaded into the blood. The blood is returned from the lungs to the left

Premature birth has been linked to a vast array of lungs problems, the earlier the birth the greater risk of health complications(Davis R and Mychaliska G, 2013). A majority of the health problems will affect the infant for the rest of their life (Davis R and Mychaliska G, 2013). Infants born between the canalicular and the saccular period (week 25) have lung development that is unsuitable for gas exchange (Davis R and Mychaliska G, 2013). Two major complications that arise with undeveloped lungs is bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and pulmonary arterial hypertension (Mahgoub L. et al. 2017).

The increased resistance of blood flow through the pulmonary semilunar valve from the right ventricle backs up the pressure of blood

Right ventricular hypertrophy is where the muscle of the right ventricle is thicker than usual and causes the heart to work harder than normal to move blood through the narrowed pulmonary valve.

I also note from note from Leighton Kearney’s correspondence that there is no evidence of significant pulmonary hypertension and in fact the most recent echocardiogram revealed a reduction in pulmonary artery pressures from 56mmHg in January 2015 to 38mmHg mid this year.

Pulmonary edema is excessive fluid in the lungs. The fluid accumulates in several air sacs in the lungs causing dyspnea. Heart problems can lead to pulmonary edema, but the accumulation of fluid can be caused by several things such as medications, injury to the chest cavity, among other things (Mayo Clinic Staff).

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease characterized by progressive pulmonary vascular functional and structural changes associated with an array of pathologies that eventually results in increased pulmonary vascular resistance, right heart failure, and death (Vorhies & Ivy, 2014; Wardle & Tulloh, 2013). Currently there is no cure for pulmonary hypertension, and the treatment options vary from conventional oral, inhaled, intravenous and subcutaneous medical options with the possible need for heart and/or lung transplantation (Pulmonary Hypertension Association [PHA], 2016).

SHealth is one thing I think we take for granted when we are young. We eat what we want, sleep when we want and do what we want. I’ve learned your body is only as good to you to you as you are to it. Yes, I love the times overseas drinking at all hour and eating grease foods thinking it was the cure for a hangover. But I had no idea how it was affecting my body. I was first diagnosed with high blood pressure at the age of twenty-three. I laughed at it because I did not understand the seriousness of it. It took family members including my mother to pass to see how dangerous the life I was living was and or will be. So I want to change. In this essay, I am going to outline how I am going to change my behavior by Describe the expected outcome

Right ventricular infarction may occur with occlusion of the right coronary artery. With infarct affect the posterior wall of the left ventricle and the posterior interventricular septum, they extend to the right ventricular wall in 15 to 30% of cases. The central venous pressure may be elevated markedly if acute right ventricular failure develops. Low right ventricular output causing shock often responds well to vigorous fluid therapy but poorly to vasodilators. Infusions raise both right and left ventricular filling pressures. The diagnosis of right ventricular infarction is difficult but may be established by right sided ECG leads and echocardiographic studies (Bullock, 1996).

Pulmonary hypertension is a disease that without treatment becomes progressively worse until a patient dies. It is characteristically a disease of young adults, but may occur all across the lifespan making this disease even more devastating.1 Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by elevated intrapulmonary pressures which cause dynamic changes to the cardiovascular system of the affected individual. The adequate functioning of the cardiovascular system is vital to the survival of the patient so while treatment is rarely curative, with the exception of organ transplant which will be discussed later, the main goal of medical therapy is to optimize cardiovascular functioning and stop disease progression allowing people living with this disease the best possible quality of life and level of functioning. There are several types and classifications of pulmonary hypertension with multiple pathogenesis. Different treatment modalities have been proven effective to treat this disease process; the mainstay of treatment relies heavily on pharmacologic therapies. Pharmacologic treatments include drugs in the following pharmacological classes: calcium channel blockers, prostacyclins including synthetic prostacyclins and prostacyclin analogues, endothelin receptor antagonists, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors. While pharmacologic therapies are the mainstay of treatment, heart and, or lung transplant maybe available for a specific subtype of PH, primary PH. Organ transplant is

The end diastolic wall thickness was assessed to detect cases with reduced end diastolic wall thickness in chronic state. Also, the functional 2 chamber and 4 chamber cine images were assessed for other associated abnormalities such as valvular lesion or intra-cavitary thrombus.

Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure within the arteries in your lungs (pulmonary arteries). It is different from having high blood pressure elsewhere in your body, such as blood pressure that is measured with a blood pressure cuff. Pulmonary hypertension makes it harder for blood to flow through the lungs. As a result, the heart must work harder to pump blood through the lungs, and it may be harder for you to breathe. Over time, this can weaken the heart muscle. Pulmonary hypertension is a serious condition and it can be fatal.