The Dental Management Of Diabetes Essay

According to the American Diabetes Association, more Americans die each year from diabetes than from AIDS and breast cancer combined. As a result, researchers have extensively studied the causes, treatments, and interventions for diabetes. Despite efforts to ameliorate its effects, diabetes remains a prevalent danger in society. In 2014, 7% of U.S. adults were living with diagnosed diabetes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016). In Louisiana that number was even higher - 10.4% of adults have been diagnosed with diabetes. Breaking it down by age group, however, in Louisiana 3% of people aged 18 and 44 have been diagnosed, and 15.2% of people 45-64. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015a). Several studies have predicted future rates of diabetes both in the United States and worldwide - nearly all of these studies reached a similar conclusion: rates of diabetes will continue to rise (Boyle et al., 2001).

Type 1 diabetes is a disease that is most commonly diagnosed in children, is rarely diagnosed in adulthood, and “Diabetes at a glance” (2016) reveals that nearly two million people were newly diagnosed with the disease in 2016 in the U.S. alone, and one of the people included in that two million is myself. Throughout the

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a pandemic that affects millions of people. The growth rate of unrecognized pre-diabetes in America is expected to rise up to 52% by 2020 (Lorenzo, 2013). As the prevalence of diabetes increases, so will the complications and burden of the disease. One of the leading causes for cardiovascular disease, renal failure, nontraumatic lower limb amputations, stroke, and new cases of blindness is DM (Lorenzo, 2013).

According to the American Diabetes Association (2016), more Americans die each year from diabetes than from AIDS and breast cancer combined. As a result, researchers have extensively studied the causes, treatments, and interventions for diabetes. Despite efforts to ameliorate its effects, diabetes remains a prevalent danger in society. In 2014, 7% of U.S. adults were living with diagnosed diabetes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016). In Louisiana that number was even higher - 10.4% of adults have been diagnosed with diabetes. Breaking it down by age group, however, in Louisiana 3% of people aged 18 and 44 have been diagnosed, and 15.2% of people 45-64. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015a). Several studies have predicted future rates of diabetes, both in the United States and worldwide - nearly all of these studies reached a similar conclusion: rates of diabetes will continue to rise (Boyle et al., 2001).

The growth of type one diabetes has been increasing over the past decades. The rise of this disease could be contributed to many factors such as, environmental factors, hereditary, lifestyle choices, and etc. The United States and Finland are rated among some of the highest counties experiencing high growth of type one diabetes. Children of the age range anywhere from ages one to sixteen have been contributing to the increase of type one diabetes within the United States and Finland.

Keywords were type 2 diabetes, periodontal therapy, and metabolic control. From the 65 articles yielded by the initial search, I narrowed my search to 23 articles by filtering publication dates to "published within 5 years" and species to "humans". Among these articles, four articles were selected based on their relevance.

Specifically, the prevalence rate of Type 1 Diabetes has targeted about 10-15% of individuals that have diabetes (Deshpande, Harris-Hayes, & Schootman, 2008). Since Type 1 Diabetes is more prevalent in children and adolescents, statistics state that the incidence rate will increase by three percent annually those who are 14 years old and under. This will not only affect Canada, but specifically worldwide (JDRF, 2009). Additionally, the mortality rate of this health issue the mortality rate in Canada has been stated to be one of the top three out of all countries, with 18 deaths oer 100,000 population. Lastly, due to diabetes related complications the morbidity rate will increase substantially

There are 350 million sufferers of type-2 diabetes worldwide; New Zealand has the third highest rate of obesity and contributes to this concern.

Data collected by a team of researchers working with the World Health Organisation discovered that New Zealand has one of the highest rates of diabetes in the world. In New Zealand, research estimates that the figure for patients diagnosed with diabetes stands at 225,000 - predominantly Type 2 diabetes. Type 2 Diabetes is an issue in our community because the age of diagnosis is decreasing and the death rate is rapidly increasing. Over 100,000 more people are yet to be diagnosed and this number continues to grow. Many medical professionals believe this number is so high because Type 2 tends to develop more gradually therefore in many cases it’s too late to rehabilitate. It’s important that not only people suffering with the

Type I Diabetes was once referred to as Juvenile Diabetes or Insulin Dependent type Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM). Type 1 diabetes, is an incurable but treatable disease which can occur at any age but is mostly found in children. Couch et al. (2008) states, “Juvenile diabetes affects about 1 in every 400-600 children and more than 13,000 are diagnosed yearly” (pg. 1). A 2014 CDC fact sheet concerning diabetes, showed that, “In adults, type 1 diabetes accounts for approximately 5% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes in the United States.” It seems that we all know someone who is affected by diabetes; either type 1 or type 2. Diabetes seems to be such a common-place illness and is much more prevalent in today’s society. However, this hasn’t always been the case. Gale (2002), states, “At the start of the 20th century, childhood diabetes was rare… (pg. 3353).” In this paper, I will provide information about Juvenile or Type I diabetes in order to educate the reader about this illness.

There are a number of diseases that have increasingly become prevalent in contemporary society. For a variety of different reasons, chronic diseases like obesity, cardiovascular diseases, HIV/Aids, and diabetes have shown alarming growth trends. The World Health Organization reports that there are approximately 422 million adults worldwide that are diagnosed with diabetes (World Health Organization 2003). In fact, diabetes type 2 has begun to grow at an alarming rate among developing countries who have incorporated a more western diet and whose lives have increasingly become more sedentary (World Health Organization 2003).

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is destroys pancreatic beta-cells, leading to partial or total loss of insulin production (Merger, et al 170). The exact cause is not known, but the destruction is triggered as an autoimmune response which could be due to the stressors from environment and genetics (Merger, et al 170). “Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition in which there is no cure, nor prevention at the current time” (Merger, et al 170). Most individuals who present with type 1 diabetes do not have a known relative who had the disease, and newborn screening programs for genetic risk makers have not yet been made universal (Skyler and Camillo, 3). “Typically type 1 diabetes is diagnosed between 6 months and young adulthood, but the disease can occur at any age” (Merger, et al 173). “Neo-natal diabetes is very rare, however, the incidence of IDDM increases most between ages 0-4, (4.7% per year). An incidence of 31 to 100,000 occurred in the 5 to 9 year olds, 50.6 in the 10 to 14 year olds and 50.6 in the over 14 year olds per 100,000 and year” (Merger, et al 173). Recent research shows the male to female ratio of IDDM incidence in children under 14 was 1:1, and the ratio is 1:7 in children over the age of 14 (Merger, et al 173). The highest area of prevalence of IDDM is found in Finland with 64.2 per 100,000 per year in 2005, and the lowest incidence is from China and Venezuela with a rate of 0.1 per 100,000 per year

Diabetes affects nearly 30 million Americans each year. Diabetes is a disease that can cause problems with the eyes, nerves, kidneys, and heart. Oral health problems associated with diabetes are lesser known, but equally important. Diabetics who do not have good control over their blood sugar levels tend to have more oral health problems. The most common oral health problem associated with diabetics is gingivitis. Gingivitis is an inflammation usually caused by the presence of bacteria in plaque. This inflammation can cause the destruction of the tissues that support your teeth, gums, bones, and fibers that surround the teeth. Other oral health problems that can come about are: tooth decay, periodontal (gum) disease, salivary gland dysfunction, fungal infections, lichen planus and lichenoid reactions (inflammatory skin disease), infection/delayed healing, and taste impairment. It is important to keep medical records up to date and inform the dentist if the disease is under control. They also need to be aware of any changes in the medical history and the names of all prescriptions and over the counter medications taken. Regular dental check-ups are advised for every patient, but even more so for diabetics.

Type 2 Diabetes is a chronic life threatening disease that affects individuals from all walks of life. It affects your bodies’ natural ability to produce or use insulin which is vital for your body to function normally. The issue with having type 2 diabetes is that there is no cure, it can only be controlled through associated medical remedies and a disciplined healthy lifestyle. Before Canadian Fredrick Banting had discovered a way to produce synthetic insulin, diabetes was considered a death sentence. Today our society has definitely seen miraculous improvements; since the inception of insulin, millions have fortunately been able to live out their lives. However, like most medications, insulin only prolongs the patients experience with

What was once thought to be found only among adults has become one of the most common chronic diseases among children in the United States. Ordinarily, when diabetes strikes during childhood it is assumed to be type 1. The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study began in 2000 and has provided the most comprehensive estimates of the prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes among youth less than 20 years of age in the US (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reports that annually, an estimated 18,436 youth are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, and 5,089 youth are diagnosed with type 2 among youth. In the last two decades, type 2 diabetes, has been reported among U.S. children and adolescents with increasing frequency. Disease researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention made the prediction that one in three children born in the United States in 2000 will likely develop type 2 diabetes sometime in their lifetime unless they get more exercise and improve their diets, particularly for Latino children (CDC, 2014). Without changes in diet and exercise, their odds of developing diabetes as they grow older was about 50-50.