The Depth Of Light Penetration Essay

In the article “What’s at the Bottom of the Ocean?” authored by Samantha Larson, it states that there is more to see on the ocean floor than meets the eye. David Gruber, the main oceanographer in the ocean exploration team, has discovered hundreds of unknown species and has even helped with breakthroughs in medical research. “The deep sea is a beautiful and foreign place, with many different creatures and geological structures,” Gruber expressed. When he was traveling underwater in the South Pacific, he witnessed tens of thousands of tiny flashlight fish swimming in 20 foot waters. He also discovered that these flashlight fish use biofluorescence to communicate with each other by absorbing blue light and turning

6. ^ Impact from the Deep; October 2006; Scientific American Magazine; by Peter D. Ward; 8 Page(s)

An entire new world, different from our own exists beneath the surface of our oceans. This life is full of color, shapes, sizes, wonder, and even darkness. Much of this life has yet to be explored but we still know that beneath the waves exist the most beautiful creatures and the most bizarre. Magical areas such as the coral reef and mysterious areas such as the depths of the ocean are homes to over 700,000 species that live in the ocean. This includes the eighty percent of the ocean that has yet to be explored. Even though there may be separate oceans on this planet, they are still interconnected by a body of salt water. No area of the ocean is the same, which brings us to the wonderful fact that so many different species are able to flourish

The Ocean is 70 percent of the earth surface, humans have explored less than five percent of the ocean, and is home to innumerable amount of living organisms. One of its oldest inhabitants is the Cheloniidae dates back to the Triassic era, roughly 250 million years ago, (Wang et al.,

Scientist in order to measure the depth of the ocean use “Bomb Sounding” this is where they throw TNT into trenches and from the echo that it gives the scientist than approximate its depth. “Recent expeditions such as the HADES project in the Pacific suggest that fish are not found below 27,560 feet. But the hadal zone extends to 36,000 feet”, (Cock-Starkey 9). The development of the “DeepSea Challenger” allowed the ability for scientist to travel down the trench to collect rocks, sediments,and biological samples. Scientist from Scripps Institute Oceanography, University of Hawai’i, and Jet Propulsion Laboratory all joined in into the DeepSea Challenger setting their research on marine biology, microbiology, astrobiology, marine geology and geophysics. Living in the deepest part of ocean surfaced thoughts of marine life being non-existent because of the lethal conditions it has , but past findings of marine life as deep as 27,560 feet shook scientist. Marine adaptation has grown because of the frequent findings of marine life such as the following: Frilled Shark (5,000 ft), Giant Spider Crab (estimate 1,000 ft), Atlantic Wolffish Pair (1,600 ft), Fangtooth Fish (16,500 ft), Six-Gill Shark (8,200 ft) and etc. All these deep sea creatures have adapted to low oxygen levels and the lightless depth of the

The closest to the surface is the epipelagic subzone stretches to about 200m. This zone has enough sunlight and nutrients for bigger marine creatures like tuna, sharks, giant jellyfish and predator fishes. The second subzone, the mesopelagic, also known as the twilight zone, with the depth of 200m to 1000m; this zone has barely sunlight. The insufficient of sunlight prohibits organisms to perform photosynthesis in the twilight zone. Surviving in the twilight zone is about seeing and not being seen. These organisms need to be able to see their prey, but they should not be spotted by their predators. The next subzone is the bathypelagic ranging from 1000 to 4000 m, containing bioluminescent marine organisms which create light, like hatchet fish and squid. Below 150m, photosynthesis is impossible; hence there are only animals and no plants in this region and below. The animals living in the bathypelagic zone solely rely on detritus for food or on eating other animals. At this depth and pressure, the animals most commonly found are fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and jellyfish.Red, black and bioluminescent animals in this appear as completely black to others since there is very little to no light penetration at this depth. Following the bathypelagic is the abyssopelagic zone, locating with the depth of 4,000m, it is

The Sublittoral is the region of the ocean below the low tide limit and extends all the way to the edge of the continental shelf. This zone is submerged permanently despite the turn of the tides and the intra/interspecific competition for space is extreme. Organisms in this region rarely experience intense sun or air exposure and organisms such as blue

<b>Introduction</b><br>Think of a world which existed 290 million years ago. As you look out over the terane in front of you, you think that you are on an alien planet. You see volcanoes spewing ash and lava. Beside them is the ocean which is swarming with many different species of echinoderms, bryozoans and brachiopods. As you look down onto the sea floor you are amazed at the countless number of starfish and urchins. Some animals leave you can't even describe and you have no idea even what phylum they belong to. This is a world at its height in diversity of oceanic species. Millions of wonderous species existed at this time in the ocean and most of them will never appear again in earth's history. In the geologic time scale, a million

Within explicit texts, "Into the Deep," by Spencer Kayden moreover including, "What's Down There," by Mackenzie Carro, there is a ubiquitous theme concerning the correspondence between humankind and the subterrene ocean. It investigates how we are achieving to find life submerged in the sea using modern technology. It explains that we continue to discover multiple forms of life underneath the shores using research and submersibles. Because of this detail and additional ideas pointed out in both pieces, the two are more comparable than expected.

During the day, the squid bury itself in sand or muddy area near sea grass beds. Besides that, it forms camouflage by gluing sand grain to its body. Night, they emerge to feed. A type of bioluminescence sea creature. It will emit light from their ventral surface. The light emitted is adjusted to match the intensity of moonlight. Collaboration of Hawaiian bobtail squid's eyes and extraocular vesicle use to monitor the down-welling light via silhouette reduction. This behaviour called as counter-illumination. Thus, the squid can adjust the intensity of bioluminescence as it moves to various depth by modifying the ink sac, which function as a diaphragm around the

It is shown that with the ocean, one of the biggest factors in order to promote the diversity within it is how fast the water flows, it is proven that with the increase in flow, along with it comes the number of invertebrate species that live under the rocks within that water. 3

When thinking of oceans, people imagine the only living things that are in the waters are fish and small organisms. But there is much more some individuals may not know. Some shallow and deep oceans are home to coral. These groups of coral are classified as marine invertebrates. They breathe and consume microscopic animals called zooplankton. Coral reefs receive their energy from the sunlight, they turn it sugars for their energy. The marine invertebrates are living things that are a vital part of the ocean and human beings. Saldy these communities are in major trouble

Deep ocean trenches are environments that have historically been shrouded in mystery, their inaccessibility rendering such limited explorations as net dragging and dredging for samples (Lee, 2012). While potential for chemosynthesis had been proposed as long ago as 1890, it was nearly a century later before such systems were demonstrated to be active on the ocean floor (German, 2011). Further investigation has shown that ecosystems are surviving and thriving along the ocean floor within these trenches. Studies have shown that deep ocean trenches contain ecosystems that are biologically and geologically active, producing a high diversity of organisms that must withstand a variety of environmental changes (Anderson et al., 2014). Recent explorations have confirmed new forms of life in deep ocean trenches. Life discovered in such an extreme environment is call for investigation.

Life on the deep sea-floor is minimal to none, the temperature of the sea at those levels is close to freezing. Such extremely cold water slows biochemical processes like chemosynthesis. Since they live in such deep waters, human activity has very little impact on their population which leads them to a lifespan of 15 to 30 years. However, there are oxygen-deprived zones where life hangs on and life is scarce; there are already hypoxic zones which means that there are some organisms out there living in an environment with low oxygen levels which is making life scarce. In some areas, however, deep-sea benthos are full of life and communities because hydrothermal vents and deep water coral reefs support diverse ecosystems. The animals that are

For many years humans have struggled to discover the deepest parts of the ocean and have also struggled with discovering space. We could not go really deep into the ocean, because humans can not withstand the pressure that the ocean produces. But now there is a robot that can reach the ocean floor called “The Benthic Rover”. With that new robot, scientist will be able to record how changes on the surface of the ocean will impact the marine animals below. “What is special about the rover is that we will be able to stay in the deep parts of the ocean for a really long time collecting seasonal changes data” (Engineer Alana Sherman). With Benthic Rover,