The Depth Of The River Affect Its Overall Ph From Mid July 2015-

The pH scale is 1 to 14, 7 being the best quality. To the right is a pH scale. 7 is what the water should be. 7 is also what we had for the creek average. We had a higher number of rocks neutralizing acid (limestone is the stone found mostly in the creek) than the ones that don’t. this means that the acid rain we get is mostly neutralized by limestone in the stream. We get acid rain from Philadelphia. This is because of the massive steel companies. All of the toxic smoke comes over and comes down in the conodoguinet as acid rain. So the creek is non-acidic and non-alkaline.

“The pH of a solution is a measure of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution and as such is a measure of the acidity or basicity (sic) of the solution. The letters pH stand for power of hydrogen and the numerical value defined as the negative base 10 logarithm of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions.” (PH, 2002). The pH scale is from 0 to 14. When the pH is higher, the hydrogen ions are fewer and the substance considered alkaline. This means when a pH unit increases by one, there is a tenfold change in the hydrogen ion. For example, if a substance has a 7 pH, it has 10 times as many as hydrogen ions available as 8 pH. A lake having a water pH between 6.5 and 8.5 is considered to be neutral. Researchers tested Peckham Park lake water monthly from August 2015 to April 2016 for water pH levels. A water quality PH test strip taken from a jar and dipped into the lake. After a few minutes, the strip will turn a color and this color determines the pH. The jar the strips came in has a chart of the colors on the back which compared to the color on the strip. The lake tested monthly using the PH test strips, which show the pH level, hardness, toxic, etc. using color-change

pH was recorded every time 1.00 mL of NaOH was added to beaker. When the amount of NaOH added to the beaker was about 5.00 mL away from the expected end point, NaOH was added very slowly. Approximately 0.20 mL of NaOH was added until the pH made a jump. The pH was recorded until it reached ~12. This was repeated two more times. The pKa of each trial are determined using the graphs made on excel.

The samples of unfiltered Rio Salado River water used in these experiments were collected from a site on the south bank of the river near S. 7th Ave. in Phoenix Arizona (see figure 1). The samples of water were collected by filling a three-gallon carboy by submerging it in the river. The carboy was then transported at ambient air temperature to the lab the same day it

I would use a bar graph because it would be easy to follow and understand the information presented.

Abstract: During this lab, the pH of water in soil from a man made garden, a deciduous forest, and a river bank were tested after leaving it in containers for one, two, and three hours, coming out to a total of three trials with three different soils all together. After testing the pH of the water when being added to the soil for the desired amount of time and comparing it to the original water with no soil added, is then when each pH difference was observed and recorded in a a notebook, while pictures were taken of the experiment being conducted.

To improve the results from the experiment buffer solutions that were not whole pHs could have been used e.g. pH 4.5, 5.5 etc. This would have provided more reliable results as a wider range of results would have been produced. Using pHs with decimals would also help to more accurately determine the optimum pH as the optimum may have been above or below the pH stated in the hypothesis; 8. In this experiment however the optimum is taken at 8 because the graph does not rise again.

When using different methods to measure pH levels there are some tools that can be useful. Some more than others but by putting into action the different methods it may determine which tools will work best and give the best results when testing the pH within a solution. The pH, which stands for the proportion of hydrogen ions in a solution, could be acidic (acidosis), neutral or basic (alkaline). The pH scale goes from numbers 1 through 14. A pH of 7 is neutral;

Conductivity is the measure of how well water can conduct an electrical current (Shahady, 2010). At each creek cite the conductivity varied, at Claytor – Big Otter was record to be at 57.5 µs/cm, making it the lowest record for the whole study. Peaksview – Ivy Creek was record at 108 µs/cm and Target – Rock Castle Creek at 285 µs/cm, the highest recorded. The term pH is used to indicate how alkaline or acidic water is determined on a scale from 1.0 to 14.0 (Shahady, 2010). The pH at each different creek seemed to be around the number. At Claytor – Big Otter it was record to be 7.0 and at Target – Rock Castle Creek was 7.65, this means that the water is alkaline, meaning there are more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions. Claytor – Big Otter

As seen in Figure 2 the haemolymph at each concentration closely follows the equivalence line and each reading at the different seawater concentrations is significantly different from every other data point (p<0.001).

However, by looking at the data of the Nitrate and Phosphate Concentrations in the White River during the First 16

Alkalinity not only measures the pH of water and how basic it is, but also how likely the water is to resist a change in pH. Bicarbonate and carbonate help to create this buffer for the water. Alkaline in aquatic environments comes from the rocks and soil in which the water flows through and carries away certain parts and properties of the rocks and soil. The average freshwater body tends to have 20 to 200 ppm to create a solid buffer and also have the slightly basic qualities it needs. The Chagrin River has an alkalinity value of 136 ppm, which falls right in the middle of the average alkalinity of freshwater. This is because the pH was slightly higher than the average and has a slight buffer, but not enough to throw off the natural balance and chemistry of the water. Since Nitrogen is such an important component in aquatic ecosystems, as all organisms in the ecosystems need nitrogen to create proteins, it is necessary to test for it when determining if a body of water is healthy or not. Too much nitrogen can result in an overgrowth of algae, or eutrophication. This process takes up much of the oxygen in the water, leaving very little for animals, causing them to suffocate and die. Drinkable water has the cutoff of 10 ppm for the nitrate levels, while completely unpolluted waters tend to have nitrate-nitrogen levels lower than 1 ppm. The Chagrin River measured 2.0 ppm of nitrate, which is low for a freshwater body. It is extremely close to the unpolluted water value of 1.0

The purpose of this project was to determine if location affects the PH of rainwater . My hypothesis was that the water off of Route Two would be more acidic .

extent by pH as shown in TABLE 1.3 History Plot Vessel 3 – 2L NO pH control.

In December of 2015, we acquired probes from the Hach Company that allowed us to test temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen within seconds. Since the levels of nitrates in groundwater are typically higher than in water that contains levels of dissolved oxygen greater than 0.5mg/L (Dubrovsky, et al., 2010), pairing nitrate levels with dissolved oxygen readings at coincident depths provides a better understanding of the data. Although lower water levels inhibited us from testing as far into the tributaries as we had in 2014, we