The Desegregation Of The United States

the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any

In Spite of the devastating history of segregation in the United States. A lot has changed in the past fifty years since segregation ended. The United States shifted from arresting African Americans for using “white only” facilities to integrated schools all over the country. Influential individuals such as Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr helped pave the way for African Americans to live as equals to along with their white counterparts in the United States of America.

The first successful court case for desegregation, known as Roberto Alvarez vs. the Board of Trustees of the Lemon Grove School District, occurred in the 1930s of southwest California in San Diego County. The testimony won in favor of civil rights for the Mexican community of Lemon Grove. The 1900s was a time of social prejudice concerning the Mexican community within the state; many of which have been settled for generations. This basis for animosity served to spark refute within minorities. The Lemon Grove Incident set future success against segregation and hope for civil rights to all Americans.

President Lyndon B. Johnson enacted the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA) as part of the Johnson Administration’s War on Poverty campaign in which largely the original goal remains today. With its main purpose to improve education fairness by providing federal funds to schools aiding students from lower income homes, this act has been reauthorized seven times over the years with the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 revision the most recent.

The Desegregation of Schools as a Major Problem in the USA in the 1950s Segregation was always one of the layers of "the economically rising" America. It was the despicable separation of black and white people. This way of life really contradicted the "all men are created equal with the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness", commitment which is contained in the US declaration of Independence.

Was it a good thing that school became desegregated? Yes, this was a great move for the United States for all students to learn and better their education fairly. If everyone is learning the amount of innovations and inventions would be endless. Many people learned new cultures and how to get along either other races even though there was riots. I’m ever much so grateful and happy that schools became desegregated because it is helping me today get to where I want to work at for a career job. To get a career job it requires me to have a certain degree and if you have a higher degree.

The federal government found a need to get involved with the educational system putting an emphasizing on math and science to help further advance our technologies. The government did that with the passage of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) in 1965. The ESEA was part of President Lyndon B. Johnsons “War on Poverty” and the first part of the program allocated funds to primary and secondary schools. The second part of the Act aimed to created equal availability of education to all with no discrimination and to create higher quality of learning.

The desegregation of schools in segregated communities is useless. In fact, the implications of economic segregation are synonymous to those of racial segregation. Therefore, to fight the disparities in education, Congress enacted influential federal legislation including the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act was designed to close achievement gaps between all students by providing each child with fair and equal opportunities to receive quality elementary and secondary educations. The goal of ESEA was to ensure that all children receive an excellent, high quality education, and that no child is left behind regardless of gender, race, or socioeconomic status. The law mandates that funds should be authorized for professional development, instructional materials, supporting educational programs, and promotion of parental involvement (Howell and Tavakolian,

Nixon himself came out adamantly against school busing as an infringement on the rights of people to live in their communities undisturbed.

Until the 19th century, no abortion laws existed in the United States of America. By the 1880s, most states had banned abortion except in cases where it was necessary to save the mother’s life. The cause of this shift in attitude can largely be attributed to the American Medical Association, founded in 1847. The organization wanted to stop unlicensed abortions by forcing the people giving them out of business. Religious leaders supported the American Medical Association’s move and worked with them to lead campaigns that would make abortions illegal. It was only in the 1960’s that these strict laws were reconsidered. The civil rights movement seeking equal treatment for black Americans led to women’s rights organizations seeing

The education system in the United States has gone through many changes spanning all the way from the 1800’s to today. The integration of other races and cultures into our schools have played in integral part in the historical development of the U.S. educational system. It has also allowed more access to all students to experience education. The desegregation of schools also started the conversation about allowing Blacks to have equal access to the same water fountains, public transportation, restrooms, and public spaces, as Whites. It is important to note the differences between desegregation and integration. The distinction between these two terms are crucial because in the constitution law the Supreme Court has never enforced integration, but does prohibit segregation. Desegregation is defined as “provisions articulated in law or practice that eliminate the isolation of members of a particular group into separate functional units” (ASHE Higher Education Report p.12). Integration is the incorporation of individuals and groups as equals into society. Desegregation had to take place before integration could even begin to become a proposal.

Prior to the start of WWII, the South was still deeply rooted with segregation and racism. The Jim Crow laws were still in full force and were law, not just a suggestion. Schools were separated, Blacks could not vote, and they lacked basic civil liberties and citizen rights. The North was very similar, though it did not have the Jim Crows laws. Even so, schools were segregated due to the formation of ghettos in cities. There were still separated bathrooms, and divided seating in restaurants, but only because white citizens choose to make it that way.

The Union was in a state of exceedingly high tension as it split into two on the issue of slavery. It was a question of moral integrity and whether it should be allowed to continue. Racism permeated the institution of slavery. The color of a man’s skin did not keep him from fighting for freedom in the wars that took place in America, although it was a way white people sought to justify their mistreatment of them. Slaves were viewed as inferior beings by southern whites and as the abolition movement gained momentum in the north, the slave owners began to see northerners as inferior as well for sympathizing with such barbarians. The Dred Scott case only serves to further this point; slaves were by law not seen as citizens. Consequently,

George Eastman once said, “The progress of the world depends almost entirely upon education.” By its public school system, the United States of America exemplifies this. Federally denied to none and paid by all, United States citizens have the opportunity to attend public school, should they choose. Over the past fifty years, America’s education system has undergone multiple changes. It began with President Lyndon B. Johnson signing into action the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (ESEA) as an extension of his “War on Poverty” plan. ESEA funded primary and secondary education, encouraged equal access to schooling, established lofty standards and accountability - all done with the intention of closing the achievement gap

Without the history and events that happened in the past, America would be nowhere near it is today. There has been so much struggle in the country, especially regarding race. Segregation has been difficult to fix and has been a struggle for so many years. African Americans specifically had to deal with so much inequality and unfairness throughout their lives and are still dealing with it now. Back then, before the Civil Rights Movement, blacks lived in fear because of the violence and anger towards them. Besides the fact that blacks have been trying to fight for their own freedom and equality for so long, people think the Civil Rights Movement is over and was fully successful, but the fight still exists, just in a lesser manner. To focus on