The Design Model Developed By Sister Callista Roy

Assessment of a patient is a big process of decision making, it is about the collection of information which will contribute to an overall judgement of a person and the illness they may have. Lloyd (2010) states that assessment is one of the first steps which is needed to be done in the nursing process, it is a building block for a relationship and an ongoing process which lets health professionals gather the correct information to help them understand the problems and needs that the patient is going through. Most of the nursing assessment which are in use today will all have very similar aims. The difference is that how the assessment’s are carried out is where the differences come from.

Roy believes nursing as a key player to help patients to develop coping mechanism and positive outcome from the constant stimuli exposure. Roy’s goal is for the patient to achieve adaptation leading to optimum health, well-being, quality of life, death with dignity, and finding in life by participating in their own care (Roy & Andrews, 1999.)

Assessment is the initial stage of the nursing process. Roper et al consistently use the term ‘assessing’ to signify that it is an on-going process, and highlights its continuity throughout the patient’s episode of care (Aggleton & Chalmers, 2000). It is divided into two stages to allow for a holistic representation of the patient to be established (Barrett et al, 2009). Effective assessment allows the prompt identification of any changes in a patient’s health status, and if necessary; allows any action to be carried out immediately supporting the delivery of safe, effective care DH (). The formulation of an accurate assessment is a fundamental skill for a student nurse as outlined by the NMC (2004), and so it is important that a holistic approach is adopted for this skill to be achieved. An holistic approach supports the consideration of……..needs,(THEME?) which

The Roy Adaptation Model for Nursing had it’s beginning with Sister Callista Roy entered the masters program in pediatric nursing at the University of California in Los Angeles in 1964. Dorothy E. Johnson, Roy’s advisor and seminar faculty, was speaking at the time on the need to define the goal of nursing as a way of focusing the development of knowledge for practice. During Roy’s first seminar in pediatric nursing, she proposed that the goal of nursing was promoting patient adaptation. Johnson encouraged her to develop her concept of adaptation as a framework for nursing, throughout the course of her master’s program. Von Vertalanffy’s use of systems theory was a key component in the early

Throughout nursing, there are many theories that nurses may come across and use. Calista Roy’s and Betty Neuman are two theorists that use two different types of models to encompasses the health, person, and the environment. Callista Roy uses a theory that promotes adaptation to the stimuli a person may encounter. Betty Neuman uses a theory that promotes equilibrium in a time where a person will encounter stress. These theories allow the nurse to bring a knowledge to learn more about the person and the factors that influence their health. Although with any theory there are different approaches in how the nursing plan is done, but with the patient in mind, it makes the difference in care that is given and allows for better outcomes for the patient.

The aim of this essay is to demonstrate the assessment process of a patient using the Roper Logan and Tierney (RLT) model of nursing framework and to show how the nursing process works alongside this model. This will be shown by a holistic history of the patient being shown, followed by how the RLT model is applicable to this patient. This is then followed by one nursing intervention being discussed showing how the nursing process is applied to patient care. The patient will be referred to as Mr Frederick Valentine to protect the patient’s anonymity as stated in the Nursing and Midwifery Council Code of Conduct (2008) guidelines.

The nursing theory consists of four major concepts including person, health, environment, and nursing. According to the Fundamentals of Nursing, these four concepts “… give nurses a comprehensive perspective that allows you to identify and treat patient’s health care needs at all levels and in all health care settings.” (Potter & Perry, 2009, p. 40) Florence Nightingale’s theory was one of the first models for nursing. The focus of this theory was that nursing consists of caring through the environment and helping the patient overcome their symptoms and changes in function related to their prevailing illness. It also focuses on the manipulation on the environment for the potential benefit of the patient. Florence “… had always seen to the heart of things- that the real nurse must be a dedicated being- that

Roy stated, “persons are holistic adaptive systems and the focus of nursing” (Phillips, 2006). What Roy means by that is that a person’s entire adaptive systems, including all four modes, should be analyzed and included in the nursing interventions and treatments. All of these parts play a crucial role in the person’s well being, because each mode

Nightingale describes nursing from an ecological perspective, saying that a nurse will put a patient in a way that nature acts best upon them. This is by manipulating the environment to achieve a state of health as the health of a person directly depends on the environment. Roy defines a person as being an adaptive system who keeps changing according to the external and internal system, so she uses stimuli to describe his adaptive system, which is a behavioral model; the patient has to be observed to give the best adaptive response.

I have found it useful in focusing, organizing, directing nurses thoughts and actions within nursing care to improve overall outcomes of the patient.  I feel this model will lead to better overall quality of care to the patients focusing on them as a whole (Butts & Rich, 2018).  Our job as nurses is to provide overall quality care with the main focus on the patients well being. I feel incorporating all these aspects of the adaptation model we can continue to pay more close attention to the patient and all their needs as a

Roy’s adaptation model is one of the most commonly applied nursing frameworks in varied aspects of nursing practice. The application of the Roy’s Adaptation Model is guided by the anticipated goals as well as the nature of patient’s adaptation that is required for monitoring purposes (Andrews, & Roy, 1999). Roy’s Adaptation Model is favored by nurses in different fields because it is flexible and a very useful model which can be applied in multifaceted cases in a manner that is consistent. Indeed, the Roy’s Adaptation model has been recognized as one of the most important conceptual frameworks that is applied by nurses in practice, during the process of conducting research,

Florence Nightingale developed the environmental model theory of nursing. Nery, (2015) states that Florence Nightingale’s environmental theory of nursing, “focus primarily on the environment, interpreted as all external conditions and influences that affect the life and development of an organism, that are able to prevent, suppress or contribute to disease and death.” The four metaparadigm concepts of this theory consist of person, environment, nursing, and health. Within this theory, the patient is being cared for by the nurse, has been influenced by the environment, and has reparative powers (“Nursing Theories, 2011). Nightingale’s theory does not have a clear definition of the person; however, it can be inferred that the person correlates “in relation to the environment and the impact of the environment on the person’s health status” (Butts & Rich, 2018). The highlight of Nightingale’s theory is the environment. Both the external and internal environment needs to be in sanitary conditions. The environment concept of this theory contains “physical, psychological, and social” factors (“Nursing Theories, 2011). The goal of the nurse is the control the patient’s environment to achieve ideal health for the patient. Nightingale’s theory did not define health; however, she stated that nature itself can heal ailments (Butts & Rich, 2018). Nightingale (1859) stated that health is ‘not only to be well, but able to use well every power we have to use it.”

Assessment in nursing has been determined by the problem-solving framework of the nursing process and nursing models. It is a dynamic and continuous process as clients needs change; it promotes individualized care and responds to clients in a responsible and timely manner to improve or maintain their level of health (RCN, 2004). A health assessment not only comprises of gathering health information about a patient, but also analyzing and synthesizing the information, and evaluating the effectiveness of nursing interventions on patients health care outcomes (Weber & Kelley, 2013).

During this time, Dr. Roy also served on the faculty at the University of Portland in Oregon were she helped to establish a master's of science program in nursing. She gained a reputation as an international speaker and accepted commitments to speak throughout North America and close to 30 other countries over the past 30 years on topics related to the Roy Adaptation Model, nursing theory, research, curriculum, clinical practice and professional trends for the future. Her books have been translated into twelve different languages.

Being the daughter of a Licensed Vocational Nurse and the eldest of seven children, Sister Callista Roy learned the importance of selflessness, caring and the importance of really knowing and caring for others. A scholar with a degree in sociology as well as nursing, and her involvement as a Sister in the church showed a true dedication of service of others. (Parker & Smith, 2010, p. 168). The Adaptation Model looks at a patient’s health through the lens of adaptation, being able to change based on environmental factors whether they are internal or external Shah, M. (2015). Compare and Contrast of Grand Theories: Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Roy’s Adaptation Model. International Journal of Nursing Didactics, 5(01), 39-42. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijnd.2015.vol5.iss01.28.39-42. This model was developed while completing her Master’s Degree influenced by Dorothy