The Design Of A Fiber Optic Communication System

The COM-3011 operates by first mixing the received signal with 125 MHz, thus the data is now contained on it. The centre frequency is chosen by mixing a user specified radio synthesiser frequency with the 125 MHz together. For example to obtain a centre frequency of 100 MHz, the user would specify 225 MHz or -25 MHz. The bandpass filter will reduce the bandwidth to 40 MHz or 20 MHz either side of centre frequency [12]. This sample is the duplicated and the second part delayed by 90 degrees to form an in-phase and quadrature features.

The inverter: The voltage from the base boost will be transferred to the inverter board. The inverter converts the direct current voltage to alternating current voltage for the transmitter to use it.

• A photon hits a pigment & its energy is passed among pigment molecules until it excites P680 • An excited electron from P680 is

Spectroscopy is the is the study of the interaction between matter and radiated energy. 1 Frequently, spectroscopic data is shown as a spectrum, which is a plot of the response (usually absorbance or transmittance), as a function of wavelength or frequency. Devices that measure this radiation are called spectrometers, spectrophotometers, spectrographs or spectral analyzers

A dim light scene enters the lens at the front. The light is made of photons. An image intensifier night vision device is an optical device that does exactly what you would think from the name. It takes available light and intensifies it.

The Loudness button on consumer stereo receivers is an equalization circuit that boosts the highs and lows as the volume is lowered so the music will sound the same whether soft or loud. Noise-shaping circuits filter dither and quantization noise into the extreme upper range, where we will simply notice it less.

Photocatalysis is the acceleration of a chemical reaction by light. The activity of these catalysts usually depends on their ability to produce pairs of negatively charged electrons and positively charged electron holes (electron-hole pairs) on material surfaces, which is induced by light irradiation. An electron hole is the absence of an electron from the full valence band. Furthermore, as light interacts with matter in the form of energy packets, the photons, it excites an electron consequently causing it to move to a higher energy orbital leaving a vacancy, a hole, in its previous position (ground state orbital). The creation of these electron-hole pairs brings about various chemical processes, such as the formation of free radicals. Free radicals are highly reactive chemical species, which may then go on to give secondary reactions.

Starting with the receiving component, the phototransistor, it is a transistor that is sensitive to light. The basic concept that paved the path for phototransistors was uncovered by Albert Einstein in his Nobel prize winning 1905 paper (Handbook of Photoelectric Sensing, 1993). Einstein made the bold proposal that light traveled through space in concentrated bundles (Known today as protons) (Handbook of Photoelectric Sensing, 1993). Einstein also outlined how protons when striking materials liberate photoelectrons, and the energy from the photoelectrons can be used to create a small current (Handbook of Photoelectric Sensing, 1993). The property of a small current being produced by the striking of photons exploited by transistors in order to create the photodetector, the phototransistor. In 1948, a year after the transistor was invented, John Northup Shive created the first example of a phototransistor where he used a beam of light instead of a wire as the emitter of a point contact transistor, generating holes that flow to the collector (Electronic Circuits and Diagram-Electronics Projects and Design, 2013). The first application of the

The used of fibre optic technology in subsea control system has impressively improved the communication capacity, quality and reliability. It provides large bandwidth, extend step-out distant with minimum error rate. This survey paper will focus on basic overview of fibre optic transferring data in communication system, key benefits of using fibre optic in subsea production control system, comparison between the used of fibre optic and cooper wire, key components and consideration of fibre optic design for subsea control and case study of Ormen Lange oil and gas production field that use fibre optic technology in subsea communication system.

Much of the improvement of radio receivers is the result of work done by the

The light that has been gathered through the objective lens is transferred to the image intensifier tube. In the majority of night vision devices, the image intensifier tube has two N-Cell or AA batteries. These act as power supplies for the tube to draw energy from for operation. The image intensifier tube outputs a relatively high voltage of somewhere around 5.000 volts to the tube components.

In energy detector, the received signal is first filtered with a band pass filter in bandwidth to normalize the noise variance and to limit the noise power. The output signal is then squared and integrated as follows: for each in-phase or quadrature component, a number of samples over a time interval are squared and summed.

This paper presents a brief introduction on the basics and applications in fiber optic sensors. This innovation is one of the quickest developing advances in the cutting edge science. Various investigates have been directed in past decades utilizing fiber optic sensors with diverse strategies. Power, stage, and wavelength based fiber optic sensors are the most generally utilized sensor sorts. In this paper, a review of fiber optic sensors and their applications are exhibited. Different sorts of fiber optic sensors and their applications are discussed.

One of the most interesting developments in recent years in the field of telecommunication is the use of laser light to carry information over large distances. It has been proved in

Light enters one end of the fiber from a light bulb, laser, or some other source, and travels essentially unimpeded all the way to the length of the fiber where it is intercepted by a photosensitive detector such as an electronic device or even the human eye. The distance of travel varies according to the use to anywhere from just a few inches to over one-hundred and fifty miles. Fiber optic cable can transmit large amounts of information over one-hundred and fifty miles almost instantaneously. “While it takes five hours to transmit the contents of an encyclopedia over copper wires, the entire work can be transmitted in less than a minute over fiber optics” (Yawn PG).