The Design Of Qam Modulated High Speed Coherent Optical Ofdm System

These networks were made capable of using multiple carrier wavelengths that were multiplexed onto a single fiber thus offering increased bandwidth. The technique is called wavelength division multiplexing. From technological point of view, incorporating the switching and routing functionality in the optical domain and allowing for the transparency of data format, protocol and bit rates are the achievements of second generation over

These sub-carriers are orthogonal to each other. It is very much popular scheme used in digital television, audio broadcasting and 4G communications. OFDM has the ability to deal with severe channel fading conditions without complex equalization filters. Due to the longer symbol period and the CP extension, OFDM is more robust against the effect of timing offset and delay spread in multipath fading channels. OFDM also gain higher spectral efficiency due to the overlapping of the subcarrier spectrum which are orthogonal to each other. The major drawback of OFDM is high

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Giritharan Ravichandran is with the E.G.S. Pillay Engineering College, Nagapattinam, TN 611001 India (corresponding author to provide phone: +91 9715589763; e-mail: rvenkkatprabu@gmail.com).

This document is prepared based on various sources of research: academic article, books, technological literatures and other web articles. Appropriate references have been provided for the related source.

SUBMITTED BY: Amanbir Singh Seth Student ID:104655731 Masters of Engineering in Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario

From the beginning, efficiency and speed in the telecommunications industry has advanced at a fast pace owing to fiber optic technology. In 1979, AT&T filled the telecommunications industry with revolutionary ideas by developing a mode for data transmission using a light, called fiber optic cable. This mode produced a bandwidth of 44.736 Mbps and could multiplex 672 trunk circuits on one fiber alone (Cole, M. 2000). However, this development was merely the start of a huge extension to telecommunications, something that would transform the industry constantly.

The significant main force behind the far reaching utilization of fiber optics communication is the high and quickly expanding customer and business interest for more telecom limit and web administrations, with fiber optic innovation equipped for giving the obliged data limit (bigger than both remote associations and copper link). Advances in technology have empowered more information to be passed on through a solitary optical fiber over long separations. The transmission limit in optical communication systems are fundamentally enhanced utilizing wavelength division multiplexing.

By Tribuvan Kumar Prakash Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication Engineering Visveswaraiah Technological University, Karnataka, 2004. August 2007

Gaurav S. Patil is a graduate student in the department of telecommunication at the Southern Methodist University.

Mohammed Najeeb A 1,* and Vrinda Gupta 2 1 M.Tech. Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Haryana, India; E-Mail: mohdnajeeb4u@gmail.com 2 Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India; E-Mail: vrindag16@yahoo.com

The most effective way to stay connected with each other has become necessity in this busy world and telecom services are trying to make their market capitalization strong by giving the best quality services. With the passage of time the competition has become immense and is becoming difficult to meet maximum satisfaction of customer. At the same time quality should not be compromised.

The equalizer converges to higher MSE. The noise PSD directed method iterated over 3000 km transmission on all six modes and it tends to convergence at same MSE to get the standard -10 dB normalized MSE (NMSE).The noise PSD directed algorithms require 47 blocks and the conventional algorithm needs 48 blocks [6].

In a single carrier system, single fade causes the whole data stream and undergo distortion i.e frequency selective fading. The Single carrier systems also suffer with heavy Inter Symbol Interference . In telecommunication Inter Symbol Interference was a form of distortion of signal in which one symbol interferes with the subsequent symbol. Thus it causes an unwanted phenomena as the previous symbols have similar effect as noise thus making communication less reliable . ISI occurs when the signal bandwidth is less than the coherence bandwidth or when the delay spread is greater than symbol duration. To combat the problem multicarrier techniques have been proposed for high data rate transmission. Multicarrier techniques divide the whole bandwidth into large number of narrow band orthogonal subcarriers [1, 2]. Thus the signal bandwidth becomes very less compared with coherence bandwidth ensuring no ISI in time domain and flat fading in frequency domain. Multicarrier systems such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Multi Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) were considered to be the best technologies for 4G wireless communication [1, 2]. Fig. explains the spectrum of multicarrier and single carrier systems. In the single carrier system the information symbols are loaded into one of

Department of Electronics and communication, Oriental College of technology, Thakral Nagar, Opp. Patel Nagar, Bhopal