The Detection And Treatment Of Cancer

According to Chrystoja and Diamandis (2013), targeted genome testing is less costly than some traditional testing methods, is effective in assisting decision making for certain neoplastic medications and is useful in guiding the proper testing for certain diseases such as Lynch Syndrome. In addition, genetic makeup determines the pharmacokinetics of certain drugs and genome testing may assist in medication therapies. Studies indicate that genetic predisposition determines the effectiveness of 20% to 95% of prescribed medications (Bartlett, 2011). With DNA information, a physician can prescribe a tailored medication treatment that will benefit the

Each chromosome is labeled as one of four types: A, C, G and T. Genomic medicine is the study of the sequence of those letters. Small changes in the code can make someone more susceptible to cancer and other diseases. The code letters can also differentiate one type of cancer from another. Understanding the genome can help doctor devise a better treatment regimen for any given patient. Professor Dame Sally Davies of the NHS is recommending that medical facilities rapidly sequence the genome for all patients. The NHS has already sequenced the generic blueprint of more than 31,000 patients. [2]

In the video “The future of early cancer detection?” by Jorge Soto, he explained how detecting early stages of cancer is vital because it’ll save lives of many patients and loss of love ones. For example, Soto described how his aunt was suffering from back pains and how the doctor thought it was due to playing tennis and discarded the thoughts that it might be something more. As the aunt kept coming back to the doctor, they did a biopsy. But later on, they found out that Soto’s aunt was in stage three of cancer. After his story, Soto demonstrated a low-cost machine that can detect early signs of cancer. I believed with Soto that doctor won’t treat their patients until their patients start showing symptoms and by that time, their patients’ health

A combination of predictive screening and genetic engineering technology would allow for descendants of FAD affected adults to be diagnosed way before symptoms develop and remove the malignant mutations from the genome completely. Rapid technological advancement has allowed for FAD to be detected, and hopefully with further advancement,

An ordinary human body contains approximately one trillion cells and precisely 46 chromosomes in each cell. However, the human body can be altered by a genetic mutation. Over the course of history, genetic mutations have had a large impact on the human race. They have brought harm to numerous amounts of people. Cancer, in particular, is one of the most lethal diseases. Cancer begins when a portion of DNA inside a chromosome is damaged, causing a cell to mutate. Then, the mutated cell reproduces multiple times and creates a tumor. Afterwards, cancer cells break off of the tumor, enter the bloodstream, and disperse throughout the body. If the cells break off, the tumor is considered malignant - this type of cancer is very difficult to cure.

With the use of our ever-growing genetic understanding, we are rapidly moving towards personalised cancer treatment. The availability and affordability of technologies allowing us to gain a comprehensive molecular characterisation of tumours and one’s own genetic make-up, brings personalised medicine right into the forefront of cancer treatment. Personalised medicine promises to be a potentially revolutionary new form of cancer treatment, with the use of indicators such as discrete genes and proteins to differentiate one cancer type form another and enable the use of targeted therapies. Throughout this project I explore exactly what personalised medicine is and investigate the opportunities and challenges that accompany its potential to be next new form of cancer treatment.

Tis (Paget): Paget disease of the nipple not associated with DCIS/LCIS o T1: 20 mm but " '50 mm in greatest dimension o T3: >50 mm in greatest dimension

This personalized approach is carried out using unique genetic and molecular biomarkers or signatures as epigenetic and the microenvironment play an essential role in the final manifestation of the malignant process

Cancer is a leading cause of death and devastating experiences for patients’ family members and close friends. The disease undermines the emotional wellbeing of the survivors during and after treatment. It often affects the physical appearance and exposes the family members to financial constraints thereby leading to depression, reduced productivity at workplaces and many other social problems. However, the controversies over the causes of cancer continue to impact the awareness campaigns and the general population attitude towards treatment options. According to Thun, Linet, Cerhan, Haiman, and Schottenfeld (2017), many people believe that gene composition is the leading risk factor for cancer. In contrast, etiological studies have confirmed

Now, at the current level of the development of medicine and epigenetics, it is clear that cancer is a complex health problem that emerges under the impact of multiple factors (True & Lindquist, 2000). Each case is unique, in its own way. Therefore, it would be a mistake to expect the universal remedy or method of the prevention of cancer, a sort of vaccine against cancer, from the further development of epigenetics.

Cancer is described in the Merrium-Webster dictionary as: a serious disease caused by cells that are not normal and that can spread to one or many parts of the body. That does not begin to describe the changes in the histology of the cell or to the body’s systems that cancer causes. Cancer is a small word that describes an all encompassing and ever changing disease. Neuroendocrine cancers are rare, so rare that there are only a handful of oncologists that specialize in them. (Newly…, n.d.) Carcinoid lung tumors are even more uncommon. How can science identify and treat a cancer so unique?

The relatively recent completion of the Human Genome Project has prompted a change in the approach of a lot of the current endeavors by broadening cancer research away from a focus on single genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, to that of the entire genome of the individual.(Pasche & Absher, 2011). Tailoring therapy is a well-entrenched strategy employed when it comes to tackling cancer given that each patient harbors a unique constellation of different permutations that influence the probability, onset, and progression of their disease. The difference in disease prognosis can be mild to severe and is largely driven by the subtle but unique differences in genetic makeup of individuals. High-throughput tools have been developed to analyze nucleic acid and generate data that could help improve diagnosis and treatment of cancers by identifying new potential biomarkers for disease and also potential drug targets for the development of new therapies. This paper explores some of the available technologies that are at the forefront of

Often researches and doctors focus on established views of why cancer develops and what can be done to control it. This article highlights how a change in understanding can lead to some of the biggest advances in cancer screening and treatment. Here’s how TED is rethinking cancer: https://www.ted.com/read/ted-studies/medicine/introductory-essay

Certain genes that were mutated in parent can dramatically increase the risk of developing certain cancer that run in families. For example BRCA gene are tumor suppressor gene a mutation that can occur in one of these gene in parents cause tumor in progeny, as it no longer suppresses abnormal growth and causes cancerous cell proliferation. (Bahcall O et al.,2013)

According to the Office of National Statistics, in 2013, 29% of deaths in the UK were cancer related, making it the leading broad cause of death in the population. In the United States, 1 in 4 deaths are cancer related, and it is estimated that in a lifetime, there is 44% chance of contracting an invasive cancer if you are male, and a 38% chance if you are female  (Siegel et al. 2014). So, although our knowledge and education into different cancer mutagens such as UV radiation, chemical carcinogens and viruses  (Alberts et al. 2002), as well as cancer physiology and treatments may have improved, leading to a decrease in cancer related mortalities, there are still huge advances to be had in the field  (CRUK 2013).