The Determinants Of Potential Of Susceptibility Essay

Pollution continues to pose an enormous threat to residents of urban cities worldwide. In the August 2008 Monthly Update, it is stated that approximately 800,000 deaths each year can be attributed to outdoor air pollution, making pollution the single most harmful environmental hazard to human health in urban areas (Kallman). The fact that pollution kills hundreds of thousands of people each year alone portrays just how dangerous living in these conditions can be. Kallman writes about a study which proves an increase in upper respiratory diseases, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality, and low birth weights when exposed to air pollutants (August 2008: Monthly Update). These can be very serious diseases and complications which, when contracted, can lead to death or very serious illnesses. There

Air Pollution today has lead CDC's fight against environmental -related respiratory illness, including asthma.An estimated number of 6.5 million deaths are attributed each year to poor air quality, making this the world's largest threat to human health.According to the World Energy Outlook and the IEA estimate that death due to household air pollution in Africa may decrease by 110,00 to 2040.However, due to economic growth, urbanization and automobile emissions, outdoor air pollution may rise from 300,00 to 450,000 over the same period. Am going to be looking at the causes of air pollution. the problems emerging with air pollution and also how we as a community can help decrease the amount of death rate associated with air pollution.I remember growing up in Africa Air pollution was always a talk about a subject that always comes out because it is really contagious due to the fact that we are breathing bad air that is caused by our human contribution to the environment.Air pollution is considered to be a public health problem, it is responsible for most of our health problems after some research has been conducted in many different parts of the world and regions. According to the Geochemistry and Health paleopathological research suggests that air pollution is a form of smoke, plagued our oldest ancestors.Air pollution has emerged as one of the leading risk factors for stroke worldwide.

Did you know many upper respiratory diseases such as asthma and others diseases like cataracts and skin cancer are aggravated by air pollution. The NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council) states that “the following air pollutants are common triggers of asthma, ground level ozone, sulfur dioxide, fine particulate matter and nitrogen oxide.” Air pollution is the presence in or introduction into the air of a substance which has harmful or poisonous effects.

The primary health issues that come with the impact of air pollution are asthma, cardiovascular illnesses and premature mortality. These health issues are due to pollution and the poor air quality such as ozone. Thus, human health becomes a concern and issue. The individuals who are usually more vulnerable to such illnesses are the children and elderly. For example, there’s approximately 162,438 children under the age of and 258,586 adults aged 65 years and older in Riverside county that are prone to environmental health illnesses (cdph). According to UCLA institute of the Environment and Sustainability,

This issue matters because there are people that are getting hurt from this pollution not to mention the damage pollution is doing to our environment. Inhaling pollution is very destructive to our health. “The study, in Circulation Research, found consistent relationships between

Living in a place with bad air quality is a risk to everyone, but there are people with significantly higher instability. People with pre-existing maladies, mainly cardiovascular and respiratory, are more susceptible to more severe illnesses. Children are also more vulnerable than healthy adults. This is because their systems and internal organs are not fully

Apparently, Ozone is a lung-searing gas, which brings irritations in the airways causing respiratory problems (Kim, et al. 137). In California, both ozone and particulate matters have increased the heart and respiratory diseases such as asthma, lung diseases, bronchitis and heart problems for both children and adults. Nevertheless, some of this other harmful gas such as Carbon(II) Oxide, Nitrogen(IV) Oxide, and Sulphur(IV) oxide has also brought about cardiovascular

Air pollution has been recognized as a major threat to environmental health, and the effects that it can have on the population are extremely varied. In the environmental aspects, air

Paragraph: Also, air pollutants in the form of particulate matter is harmful to our health. Short-term effects like irritation to the eyes, nose and throat and long-term health effects like lung cancer, heart disease are all possible results. The continual exposure to air pollution can affect the lungs of children and complicate medical conditions in the elderly. Even worse, it can cause the brain damage of growing kids or deaths.

Inhaling dirty air can cause throat irritation, watery eyes, burning nose, and can make it difficult to breathe. The two most detrimental common pollutants, particles and ozone, can cause respiratory problems, and aggravate cases of asthma. Certain chemicals that are toxic are released into the air, and this can cause problems like birth defects, brain and nerve damage, long-term lung injury, heart disease, cancer, and sometimes even death. Some of these pollutants travel to the upper atmosphere, which contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer. Depletion of the ozone layer is linked to higher incidences of skin cancer and cataracts. EPA’s enforcement of the programs of the CAA has made significant progress in the reduction of air pollution. This leads to a decline in air quality related ailments, and saves the lives of tens of thousands of Americans each year (Benjamin, G.C., M.D., 2011). This increase in public health would save billions of dollars in public health benefits, which far exceeds the cost of implementing these programs. Some criticism has come against the CAA, claiming that the need for reform is desperate. This line of thought insists that the CAA fails in assuming that all pollutants have “safe” levels. All recent studies, however, have shown that fine particle pollutants are not safe in any quantity. Though detrimental health effects do decline in proportion with the decline of fine

Global warming is correlated with hot, humid days that can activate asthma symptoms. For patients with chronic lung diseases the onset of an intense heat wave can lead to death. “A study of New York City summers from 1991 to 2004 found that each 1°C above an empirically derived temperature-health effect threshold for the population resulted in a 2.7% to 3.1% increase in same-day hospitalizations for respiratory diseases,” (Bernsetein and Rice pg 3). The elderly with respiratory diseases and people living in urban areas due to amplification of temperature rises are the most prone to the effects of heat waves. (Another result of increase in temperature is the increased likelihood of forest fires releasing particulate matter (PM) and carcinogens, which have also been, linked to increased likelihood of asthma symptoms and hospital visits. PM can carry absorbed toxic compounds deep inside the lung do to their size to weight ratio. The majority of PM in the atmosphere comes from desertification and droughts and these natural events are likely to increase as a result of global warming. Even individuals with healthy functioning lungs were shown to have decreases lung function after exposure to PM and carcinogens. People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease are effected most by air pollution because sometimes the pollution can lead to

Size of particulates in air pollution also play a major factor in the exacerbation of lung diseases. Studies shown a correlation between air particulate size (10pg/m3) and a 10% to 25 % increase in bronchitis or chronic cough in patients with COPD9.

In order to reset EPA air-quality standards and to determine which therapeutic actions can be applied to patients to prevent deterioration of their asthma conditions (Neukirch et al., 1998), researchers have found it increasingly necessary to discover the relationships between asthma symptoms and episodes of air pollution and to identify the pollutants that are responsible for the rise in the number of people seeking respiratory medical treatment.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is predominantly sourced from vehicle emissions5 and exposure to traffic-related particles is associated with increased risk of asthma in children6.

Air pollution can affect our health in many ways with both short-term and long-term effects. Different groups of individuals are affected by air pollution in different ways. Some individuals are much more sensitive to pollutants than are others. Young children and elderly people often suffer more from the effects of air pollution. Air pollution has many effects on human health, affecting a number of different systems and organs. Effects range from minor upper respiratory irritation to chronic respiratory and heart disease, lung