The Development Of Equivalence, Nida 's Equivalence Theory

Skopos rule represents the major and first rule of skopos theory, it solves “the eternal dilemma of free vs faithful translation” which represents an evident that the translator's precognition of the purpose of any translation would aide the translator to choose the translation approach that achieve these skopos. And (Nord 1997) indicates that skopos of the same translation may need free or literal translation or mixture of both, it is to be determined by the purpose of the translation each time translation process is

Compare the different ways in which language is used for effect in the two texts. Give some examples and analyse the effects.

Theory of translation: One puts primary emphasis on formal or on functional equivalency bridging into modern language.

“The typology combines the one by the translation scholar Gideon Toury and the one by the cognitive linguist Zoltan Kövecses” (Schmidt, 2014, p.96). The model was classified into six types, referring to different methods of translating the subtitles with metaphor. “This typology was tested on a corpus of literary translations, and it proved to be adequate for the analysis of metaphor translation” (Schmidt, 2014, p.97). According to the terms and explanation from Schmidt’s theory, the types are defined as

This book is divided into 2 parts, the functions of language and language and thought. The deepest debt of the author in this book is to the general semantics. It is designed to educate the reader using concepts that are first explained in straightforward terms

I like your post in how you break down the similitudes and differences between all these terms. I agree with the facts that you share and how you explained in detail in an essay way, it shows a good understanding on the material. Referring to the elements in how you explained that is not important to have that same language or live in that particular country to be considered Hispanic or Latino, we only need to know our culture and background so we can determinate what we are or what are our real roots. I really like your respond, great job.

It is common for languages to take words, phrases and meanings from one another, and this is no different than English taking from Greek and Latin. While some Greek or Latin words have been changed into prefixes and suffixes, others have become phrases, and even events have garnered their own meaning by today’s standards. This includes the adaptation to technology, science, military purposes and even everyday use, many of which are significant in their own respective area.

Liuzza begins his article by telling the reader that when a person translates a novel, all their shortcomings and biases are put on public display. What gave him the most anxiety while translating, however, was the “vague thing usually called tone”.

Equivalence – 138 – the connection or relationship of two forms of the same test given to the same group of participants and comparing the scores of two different administrators. In a classroom setting, giving the same students two forms of equivalent tests (with the same content and level of difficulty) to determine if the graders produce similar scores.

In David Schmidtz’s article “Are All Species Equal?” he discusses species egalitarianism and if it has any application or standing in the philosophical discussion of environmental ethics. One of the given arguments equates speciesism to racism. These two terms, down to their basic definitions, are so fundamentally different that it is difficult to compare them. Racism is the discrimination of a race of people based on the culture, physical features and tone of speech among other things. The parameters in which racism occurs and what determines superiority of one group of people over another is challenging to translate over into the realm of speciesism. For how are we to determine which traits are superior? In the Jim Crow era white

In the book The Giver is showing sameness.Let use an Example from The Giver “ The Giver

Newmark (1988) considered translation as a matter of choice. His idea is that translators should have the skill which enables them to decide upon the most appropriate equivalence. Translator’s choice depends on certain criteria in accordance with a specific theory. Regarding this matter, one of these problems was about how to achieve equivalence or the equivalent effect of the political terms or expressions. Wrong choice giving the inadequate or inaccurate translation.

The King James translators produced a literal translation from the original Greek and Hebrew in order to make sense in the English language, so comparable phrases are used to express meanings. It was necessary for the translators to make a smooth and accurate translation for the English speaking people and very few passages presented any real translating problems.

Some linguists claim that dealing with the process of finding equivalence is the most significant issue existing among translation processes and that is one of the mains principles of Western theory of translation. Translation is a mean of communication and in order for it to be effective it is crucial to establish appropriate equivalence between source and target text. Nida defines translation as “reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style”. (Nida, 1982, p. 12) It is conspicuous that equivalence is one of basic concepts of translation which cannot be overlooked. This complex phenomenon often becomes a measure which helps to define the process of translation. Number of researches stress on the important role of the equivalence for the translation process and it is hard to hard to overestimate the role of equivalence in translation. Use of equivalence translation help people to understand each other and enables achieving communication goals. Achieving maximum linguistic, grammar and structural equivalence is inevitably linked with certain restrictions and limitations but the skilful use of equivalents can undoubtedly benefit the results of translation act. Despite different approaches, the equivalence is an important

In this essay I will discuss and comment on Mona Baker’s statement through Skopos theory, one of the most well-known translation theories, and its applications in deferent text types and genera. ( relationship between theory and practice) find out how the translator’s theoretical knowledge is needed in translation field.