The Development Of Musculoskeletal Disorders Essay

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder. It occurs when cartilage begins to break down or be worn away and the bone rubs together. As a result bony spurs and inflammation of the joint(s) occurs. Surrounding ligaments and muscles may also weaken or stiffen. Major risk factors are: genetics, excess weight, joint injuries, jobs that involve more than an hour of joint stressing activities like kneeling, and sports that involve direct impact on the joints, twisting, or throwing. Bleeding disorders, disorders that blood supply near joints, and other types of arthritis can cause osteoarthritis. Symptoms typically begin while one is middle aged and almost everyone shows some symptoms of OA by age 70. This is important to note because OA is seemingly inevitable for everybody. OA is not curable and typically gets worse with time, but the symptoms can be managed. Strength in weight bearing joints, the hip, the knee, and the ankle, is particularly important for prevention. Also important are not overusing joints and maintaining a normal body weight.

This article addresses an important issue on how to develop frailty assessment tools in older adults with musculoskeletal disorders. Why is this topic more essential? Frailty has found in various fields of chronic diseases not only in musculoskeletal disorders. I am interested in frailty; however, it is tricky to determine who present frail in older adults having physical function limitation. Therefore, the different among physical function limitation, immobility, and frailty are still hard to justification. For example, older adults having secondary or third osteoarthritis always presents with severe pain at the knee joint. This pain also interferes his/her physical function. The more joints movement, the greater pain emerge. Reducing severe

Because of this decrease, bone diseases like osteoporosis, osteopenia, and arthritis. Osteoporosis is when the bones become more brittle, the mass decreases which makes bones more likely to break. Osteoporosis is more common in women but increases the likeliness the older the body is for both men and women. “As many as half of all women and a quarter of men older than 50 will break a bone due to osteoporosis” ("Osteoporosis: MedlinePlus.”). Osteopenia is the same as osteoporosis in the sense that the bones become brittle and bones are more likely to break and the mass decreases, but not as much of the mass as osteoporosis. Osteopenia is “low bone mass that is not low enough to be osteoporosis” ("Osteoporosis: MedlinePlus.”). “Bone mass or density is lost as people age, especially in women after menopause” ("Osteoporosis: MedlinePlus.”). Arthritis is a condition that generally affects the bone and tissues surrounding the bone. There are two main types of arthritis: osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoarthritis is aging in any joint on the body. When the bones in a joint are worn down, they begin to rub against each other. The rubbing from the two bones in a joint is what causes the severe pain and inflammation. Rheumatoid arthritis involves many joints mainly in the wrists, fingers, thumbs, elbows, feet, ankles, and knees. When the lining of the joints diminishes, pain and stiffness make mobility hard on the

Nevertheless, from the collated data from 8RCTs, the specified program of exercise; can use with elderly people who have pain problems to reduce that issue, and make body health better (Lathem&Liu,2012). The result from the experiment between doing high intensity exercise and low dose exercise; presents that the pain will disappear when you do the low dose exercise (). Now you have known about how exercise is important for older adult. It can improve body health and prevent various types of disease. It can develop and maintain cognitive function, and you can do the exercise without pain

Osteoarthritis, or degenerative joint disease, is a form of arthritis characterized by the breakdown of cartilage within joints. Cartilage serves to provide cushion at the ends of bones, and when the cushion is not sufficient, as in osteoarthritis, the bones rub together. As a result, osteoarthritis sufferers are constantly plagued by stiff, swollen, and inflamed joints (http://www.arthritis.org/answers/diseasecenter/oa.asp). It is a relatively common condition, with an estimated 20 million American sufferers, most of whom are elderly (http://webmd.lycos.com/content/article/1668.50297). Traditional treatments include Tylenol, aspirin, or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

6. The physician orders alendronate (Fosamax) 70mg/wk. what instructions should you give M.S. regarding alendronate?

Due to these changes in the cartilage this can cause great pain, discomfort and stiffness. It can also cause mobility issues in the elderly. This puts the elderly at high risk for falls and ultimately other possible injuries. This can be very frustrating as it can affect their independence and ability to perform everyday tasks. There are medicines, therapies and surgery to help with osteoarthritis. People with osteoarthritis can lead a very fulfilling life when this disease is treated correctly.

It is a challenge to manage pain in older adults. The course of action, effect and

Curtis, J. R., & Safford, M. M. (2012). Management of Osteoarthritis among the elderly with

Kedziera (2001) discusses pain management in elderly patients. In this article she urges clinicians to

The symptoms of osteoarthritis are usually very slow to manifest worsen over time. Symptoms include joint pain, tenderness in joints, joint stiffness, loss of flexibility, a grating sound in the joints and hard lumps around the joints. Though the symptoms can be present in any joint, it’s usually more evident in the affected person’s joints in their knees, hands, hips and spinal column. People at risk are again older people especially women, obese people, those who have had joint injuries, people employed in manual labor jobs, and certain diseases such as diabetes, gout and rheumatoid arthritis where the side effect is osteoporosis. As in osteoporosis, there is no cure for osteoarthritis and the symptoms just keep worsening in patients, but it can be prevented and / or the slow the progression of the disease by staying active and by staying in good physical shape, maintaining body weight. This also help them improve pain and joint

Osteoarthritis knee is the common form of arthritis; it causes degeneration of knee joints. It develops when cartilage, the lining of joints that allows smooth movement between opposing bones, starts to break down, especially in the elderly. Swelling and inflammation in the affected knee joint are a major cause of pain and disability.

Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder, and more than half of all Americans who are older than 65 have been diagnosed with osteoarthritis. However, recent US data has revealed knee osteoarthritis does not discriminate age, and there is growing evidence that osteoarthritis affects individuals at a young age. The annual cost of osteoarthritis due to treatment and loss of productivity in the US is estimated to be more than 65 billion dollars.1 With no cure currently available for osteoarthritis, current treatments focus on management of symptoms. The primary goals of therapy include improved joint function, pain relief, and increased joint stability. Although the exact cause of osteoarthritis is unknown, many risk factors have been identified including increased age, female gender, obesity, and trauma.2 Within these risk factors, the etiology of osteoarthritis has been divided into anatomy, body mass, and gender.

OA is a musculoskeletal disease that causes chronic joint pain and reduced physical functioning (Laba, brien, Fransen, & jan, 2013). Osteoarthritis (OA) is a non-inflammatory disorder of synovial joints that results in loss of hyaline cartilage and remodeling of surrounding bone. OA is the single most common joint disease, with an estimated prevalence of 60% in men and 70% in women later in life after the age of 65 years, affecting an estimated 40 million people in the United States (Goodman & Fuller, 2009). Women are more commonly affected after the age of 55, almost everyone has some symptoms by the age of 70 (Tan, Zahara, Colburn & Hawkins, 2013, p.78). Osteoarthritis can be described radiological, clinical, or subjective.

In the case of Anne Morrell there are several normal physiologically changes that impact her quality of life. Anne is experiencing normal aging related changes to her musculoskeletal system. Changes in musculoskeletal tissue occur through the loss of muscle mass and strength which replace lean body mass which fat and fibrous tissue. These changes in tissue cause a decrease in contractile muscle force with increased weakness and fatigue (Boltz, Capezuti, Fulmer, & Zwicker, 2012). As discussed in her case study she reports back pain when standing or walking for longer than 15 minutes, needs assistance with steps, ambulates with a cane since she fell last year which affects her mobility and ability to perform her activities of daily living. This loss in Anne’s muscle function greatly increases her chance of falls and she also has an increased risk for disability.