The Development Of Organizational Citizenship Behaviour

4. Briefly describe the elements of the formal and the informal organization. Give examples of each.

Classical organization theory evolved during the first half of this century. It represents the merger of scientific management, bureaucratic theory, and administrative theory.

Motivation provides individuals the drive to behave and act in a certain way in order to influence their work environments (Robbins & Judge, 2014, pp. 35-36). When employees are able to influence their work environments, they can make a psychological identity with their organization that provides a sense of purpose, or meaningfulness, to their existence in their job performance and involvement (Robbins & Judge, 2014, pp. 35-36). Thus, providing employees with a higher level of job satisfaction. To promote higher levels of job satisfaction, involvement and performance, managers will utilize motivational strategies to encourage their employees to perform certain tasks (McCoy, 2012, p. 2). However, managers are recognizing that traditional incentives are no longer providing the results of behavioral physics in their organization (McCoy, 2012, p. 3). To address this dilemma, managers are looking at motivational strategies where the incentives psychologically empower their employees in their daily activities.

Each of us has its own unique personality. Personality is individual differences in distinctive patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving. Personality can be affected by our genes, environment and upbringing. Our behavior is greatly affected by our personality.

Employees within an organization can either contribute positively or negatively towards their employing organization’s overall success and effectiveness. The organizations that ream the most productive behaviors from their employees typically incorporate motivational and leadership activities that encourage these behaviors (Jex & Britt, 2008). This paper will define counterproductive and productive behaviors and describe the impact those behaviors have on job performance and the overall performance of an organization.

work groups, suggesting that individual employees will tend to exhibit similar levels of OCB to the

Cognitive Intelligence (CI) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) are considered to be important individual differences in the field of organisational behaviour and there is a lot of research to support this statement. This essay will critically evaluate both concepts and discuss how cognitive ability and EI are applied in modern organisations. It is clear that CI and EI both have very different roles in the modern organisation and they assist in the prediction of success in both personal and professional sectors of ones life. It is important to understand the main difference being that CI implements the individuals mental function for understanding and developing a systematic prospective in thinking whilst EI is considered as the ability for

Organisational behaviour is the study of human behaviour in the workplace, the interaction between people and the organisation, and organisation itself (Dubrin 2002, p. 2). In most of the organisational behaviour literature review, the following five types of behaviours are often highlighted- task performance, organisational citizenship, counterproductive work behaviours, joining and staying with the organisation and work attendance (McShane, Olekalns & Travaglione, 2009). These individual-level dependent variables are present in most OB research which has a significant impact on the effectiveness of organisations.

Organizational Behavior is referred to as the study of individuals and their relative behavior subject to the existing organizational environment. The concept applies in a diverse workplace setting in different ways and had diverse impacts to the organization. Organizational behavior field includes communication, sociology, psychology, and management. The concept is subject to both internal and external factors affecting the organization. The formula for success in business as noted by Millstein et al. (1998, p.7) requires two elements including the external environment and the individual. Major scholars have also noted that removing one of these values is

The organisational organ known as the team is becoming more and more apparent in today's dynamic business world. Increasingly managers are searching for a means to improve production and keep their organisation competitive in the global market. A lot of these managers have turned to the team as a means for achieving this improvement. Quality circles were looked at to fulfil this role. However, this form of team is being phased out and may have posed as incubator for the current trend; self - managed work teams (Klein, 1995). These teams are increasingly being looked at today to solve many an organisation's production problems and inefficiencies, and in the process are both badly failing and greatly succeeding. Therefore, the discussion of

Individual misbehaviour in any organisation is not only dependent on an individual’s psychology but is also affected by many variables such as the Organisation structure, Work environment, operating procedures etc. However, the phenomenon of misbehaviour can be better understood in terms of motives and opportunity. Employees commit unethical conduct because of one of the motives of - greed, financial benefit, or other individual motivations and these motives flourish in the absence of effective monitoring mechanisms and effective leadership in the work environment. Sunshine Fashions’

Organization behavior including both individual and group, which take an important role on company’s performance, a good manager with high ability to manage the employees’ satisfaction and involvement could achieve a higher performance of the company. In recent years, most of companies used balanced scorecards to determine the companies’ goals to improve the performance, which including employee coaching and mentoring. In this report, we will conduct the performance of a company with the interaction between organization behaviors, employee training and use of balanced scorecards.

Throughout decades, individuals have been trying to understand the human behaviour. One of the core reasons fuelling this on-going search is to have a better knowledge on the way organisations work and the people affecting it. The way employees behave and factors that affect job performance or job commitment all come down to one single area of study, which is organisational behaviour. Due to the large spectrum of values and beliefs, human behaviour tends to be rather vast and unpredictable. However, it is possible for organisations to take advantage of this by effectively analysing the extent to which those different behaviours affect overall job performance. (Lombardo, n.d) This may potentially help to better understand the needs of the

Employee behaviours could often have an impact on organisational performance and achievement of organisational goals. In any organisation, its members could display varied behaviour where minimalists would contribute just enough to maintain affiliation while others may exhibit overt and discretionary behaviour which is beyond their stipulated job description and likely to benefit the organisation (Turnipseed and Rassuli: 2005). This latter behaviour where the employee goes the extra mile proactively engaging in such activities has been described by various nomenclatures such as Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) by Organ (1988) as cited in Organ (1997), pro-social organisational behaviour (Brief and Motowidlo: 1986), contextual performance (Borman and Motowidlo: 1993) and extra-role behaviour (Van Dyne et al: 1995).

behavior which is elective, and is not directly or explicitly recognized by a formal reward