The Development Of The Child

Subsystems are family units that are based on function. If the family leadership is taken over by a daughter and father, then the two

Similar to the systems theory, the ecological theory embraces many of the same concepts, but has narrowed the focus, so that it does not include such a broad view of the system. The Ecological theory is an adaptive, evolutionary view of human beings in constant exchange interchange with all elements of their environment (Germain & Gitterman, 1980, p. 5). The idea that person and the environment are inseparable and must be considered jointly, is primary assumption of this theory. The person and his or her environment form a unitary system in which each is dependent on the other and directly shapes each other.

The Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems is a model created by psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner that refers to five structures of which an individual interacts with that impacts their development. The structures are referred to as systems in the model and there are five systems: Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem, Chronosystem.

A person’s interaction with the environment at the macro, mezzo and micro level has a significant impact on their development. The environment and the individual is seen as a unitary system within a culture that affects each other. On the micro level, it is the interaction between individuals, for example, immediate family. On the mezzo level, it is the interaction with the neighborhood, the school, courts and other structures within the society. On the macro level, it is how cultural experiences, religious institutions and organizations affect people in society. Each of these systems contribute to how the person and the environment interacts at various level in society. Each of these three systems has impacted my own development and experiences.

The first concept establishes that all parts of the system are interconnected (Kaakinen et al., 2015). Therefore, if one part of the system experiences a problem then the entire system will be affected. The second and third concepts are an extension of the first. The theory also recognizes that the larger system is composed of smaller subsystems (Kaakinen et al., 2015). However, the entire system is more complex than simply adding all the subsystems together. The final concept states the system has boundaries with internal and external environments (Kaakinen et al.,

In ecological theory, these systems are nested with the child at the core, embedded within his/her immediate family environment. The system with the closest proximity to the child is the microsystem; this includes the child and family, peers, neighborhood and school. A critical impact on development occurs within the immediate environment of the child due to proximal

The first system we encounter when talking about the bioecological perspective is the microsystem. This level is best described as day to day interactions between parents, caregivers, teachers,

Gender and common interests are examples of categories that define these subsystems. Hoshino (2008) states that “an individual in the family usually belongs to different subsystems, entering into different relationships with other persons, performing different functions and having a different level of power in each subsystem” (Hoshino, 2008, p. 122). When two people get married, they become a spouse subsystem, which provides a model of healthy relationships for subsequent children. If there is any dysfunction within the spouse subsystem, it will affect all of the other subsystems within the family. Other subsystems represented in the family are parental and sibling

Exosystem will involve a social setting the environment and will influence the development, of a role immediate interaction Bronfenbrenner`s theory. Mesosystem this can also refer to any kind professional that will have an immediate impact on family and cares. Looking at this from a microsystem can involve other institutions and group social services schools and churches and including local councils or politics.

The ecological perspective, which was influenced by Urie Bronfenbrenner, concentrates on the connection between an individual being and their environment. This perspective has become a prevailing theoretical method amongst many behavioral science disciplines. The ecological perspective recognizes mutually supporting categories or levels of systems, which assist in directing human growth (Hutchison, 2013; Bronfenbrenner, 1994). Many sources identify four main levels, which include; Microsystems, which incorporates direct, in person interactions between individual and their environment. Some examples of a microsystem could include home, school, place of employment; it is generally anything that involves family, peers, or caregivers. The next

Urie Broonfenbrenner has five ecological-systems (renamed it to bioecological theory) approach which are microsystems, exosystems, macrosystems, chronosystem and mesosystem. Microsystems is Berger (2014) each person’s immediate surroundings, such as family and peer group. Exosystems is Berger (2014) local institutions such as school and church. Macrosystems is Berger (2014) the larger social setting, including cultural values, economic policies, and political processes. Chronosystem is Berger (2014) literally, “time system.” Mesosystem is Berger (2014) consisting of the connections among the other systems. Some examples of Microsystems would be my classroom Psychology 200 (online), Exosystems would be my place of employment which would FWPS

The first system is the micro system which is the direct environment we have in our lives and the people we associate ourselves with, such as family, friends, teachers, neighbors

The next step up is the Mesosystem. The Mesosystem is the “bigger picture” for my life and how my microsystems connect.

System theory focuses on how the person interacts with their environment and how the family systems affect the individual across the lifespan (Langer & Lietz, 2015). This theory also emphasizes the relationships among individuals, groups, organizations, or communities and mutually influencing factors in the environment. This is useful in practice as it can develop a holistic view of persons-in-environment and can be useful to understand the family system (Wirth, 2009).

The ‘Ecological systems theory’, which was developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner consists of five different levels. These levels are, Chronosystem, Macrosystem, Exosystem, Mesosystem and the Microsytem. This system is used to explain how a child’s environment affects how a child grows and develops. The Chronosystem which is the outer part of the model covers the dimension of time as it relates to a child 's environment. The transition of a child’s life can affect them such as parent divorce or a death in the family. The Macrosystem is encompasses cultural values, customs, and laws an