The Developmental Stages Of Psychological Development

Understanding the eight stages of psychosocial development in a practical sense is vital to building a healthy student teacher relationship. I selected this theory to gain an understanding of how to effectively interact with my future students. This theory refines my ability to identify and gage my student’s unique psychological developmental progress. A deeper understanding of this enables me the ability to identify key developmental milestones and improve my lesson plans accordingly. I selected this theory because it provides me with the insight required to establish a bond of trust with each student in my classroom. Additionally, I selected this theory because it provides me an awareness of signs that would

Development of a person throughout his or her whole lifetime can be seen either as a continuous process or as a final status to be attained. Psychologists agree

A human’s development is a lifelong process beginning before birth and extending until the moment of death. In every moment of life, every human being is constantly evolving in their own person way. Some evolve mostly with physical changes while other evolve based more solely on mental evolution. However, as humans grow their cognitive abilities advance and decline in response to the brain’s growth from childhood and reduced function in their old age. Psychosocial development is also significantly influenced by physical growth, as our changing body and brain, together with our environment, shape our identity and our relationships with other people.

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the upshot of an infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This virus attacks certain cells of the immune, nervous and other systems and damages their appropriate function. HIV infection might cause impairment to the brain and spinal cord via encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) and meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain). Other problems that can befall because of HIV infection embrace pain, seizures, shingles, spinal cord problems, absence of coordination, problematic or painful swallowing, anxiety disorder, downheartedness, fever, vision loss, gait ailments, devastation of brain tissue sand coma. The gamut of neurological disorders is extensive and encompasses the central nervous system, or CNS (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system, or PNS (nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, and connected muscle). Neurological disorders connected to HIV often lead to abridged quality of life and shortened survival, particularly in individuals with more

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) diagnoses are increasing among women in the United States; as a result there is an increase in newborns born with HIV via vertical transmission, accounting for nearly all pediatric AIDS cases in the US. Between 1999 and 2000, about 370 HIV infected infants were born, 40% of which were born to mothers who were unaware of their HIV status before delivery. Without antiretroviral therapy or other forms of intervention, 25% of infected pregnant women will transmit the virus to their child during pregnancy, labor or delivery, or after delivery. In recent years, systematic reviews and peer reviewed studies have suggested that mandatory screening for HIV in pregnant women is a cost-effective

During the past decade, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become a leading cause of mortality among women. This population is now accounting for the most rapid increase in cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in recent years. As the numbers of cases of HIV infection have increased among women, particularly of childbearing age, increasing numbers of children have become infected as well. "Various studies conducted to date indicate that between 1/4 and 1/3 of infants born worldwide to women infected with HIV have become infected with the virus themselves" (HIV InSite, 1997). This is due to the route of transmission known as vertical transmission, from mother to infant.

If there is a risk of transfer of HIV from an infected mother then caution is taken to prevent the mother-child infection and eventual deaths due to HIV among infants will decrease. This decrease in child mortality rate will have a positive effect on the health of the

During the first psychosocial stage test back in 1975, Erikson figured that how a mother and father look after their child is a major factor in determining how much trust the child will place in their parents. (1998-11734-016). At this time in life, humans are very dependent, and practically helpless with everything. We have to rely on other people for everything from food, to clothing, to bathroom needs, and in this case, affection. The main issue of this stage is "Trust vs. Mistrust". Obviously, if an infant is not getting the proper needs met, they will become unsure of their environment, and probably not trust their parents. Infants require proper development and movement to be helped into the next stage, they require elders for the physical and emotional needs to be met on a constant basis. A healthy outcome of this stage happens when the child develops a real sense of trust and mistrust in themselves, their parents, and their surrounding world. Trust may appear as an issue for interns even before the internship has begun.(1998-11734-016). Erikson theorized that if the parents were to loosely watch after their child, they would have less trust with-in their parents. So oppositely he viewed that if they were to pay closer attention and be there if the child was to fall, they would have more trust in the world and their parents. So if an intern secures a position and then on arrival finds certain problems between certain information and reality, it is most likely going

There are several issues that can occur when you have the HIV virus. Neurological complications can come along with HIV/AIDS. Dementia is one of the complications that can occur. Dementia is a disorder of the mental processes, which causes personality changes and impaired reasoning. Another example of a neurological complication would be neuropathy, which is a disorder that causes numbness or loss of feeling, and weakness. Neurosyphilis can be a major effect of HIV as well. This is syphilis that is involved in the central nervous system. Syphilis is a chronic bacterial infection that is mainly contracted through sex. HIV causes many different disorders and complications to the body chiefly

Understanding Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 from an Epidemiological, Animal Model, Cognitive and Neurological Perspective ***Look for MORAN, L 2014 Paper***

HIV can be transmitted from an HIV infected mother to her newborn child. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), without antiretroviral treatment of the mother, up to 30% of infants born to HIV positive mother’s become infected with HIV themselves. The number increases to 35%-50% if the mother breastfeeds the baby (aidsinfonet, 2014). The risk of HIV transmission to the infant from the mother decreases significantly if the mother used antiretrovirals throughout pregnancy and labor. If the mother does not breastfeed, the HIV transmission risk is also decreased (aidsinfonet, 2014). Health education relating to pregnant women and infants and HIV is necessary, but it is insufficient to create behavior change, and consequently improve

If we use Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory stages of development, this would place me in the middle adulthood stage of my life. Erickson indicates that this stage is defined as generativity versus stagnation. In this stage, Erickson indicated that adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast us. Erickson stated that we often do this by having children or creating a positive change that benefits other people. I find this to be true as I find myself doing both. As I have gotten older, (and hopefully wiser), I have come to the realization that it’s not all about the myself anymore but about others. Now I have the responsibility of being a father (Erickson’s six stage, Intimacy vs. Isolation) and growing up seeing some of the injustice around me, I also find myself advocating for social justice and equality while modeling what a father should be like to my adult son.

Worldwide, HIV/AIDS poses an enormous challenge on the survival of mankind. HIV is the leading cause of mortality among women of reproductive age worldwide and is a major contributor to maternal, infant and child morbidity and mortality (1). 33.4 million People are estimated to be living with HIV worldwide; 15.7 million are women and 2 million are children younger than 15 years of age (1). With an adult prevalence of 5.2% in 2008, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has been the most severely HIV stricken region, accounting for 71% of all new infections in adults and children, and about 90% of new infections among children worldwide (2). In 2009 the prevalence of HIV in Ethiopia was estimated at 2.3% with differentials: urban (7.7%), rural (0.9%), male (1.8%), and female (2.8%)(3). The number of people living with HIV/AIDS was 1,116,216 of which 84,189 were pregnant women, 72,945 were children under 15years and annual HIV positive births were 14,140(3). In the absence of any intervention of mother to child transmission of HIV(i.e. exclusive breast feeding and use of antiretroviral drugs), the risk of a baby acquiring the virus from an infected mother ranges from 15% to 25% in industrialized countries, and 25% to 35% in developing countries. HIV transmission rate and time of transmission is estimated to be 5% to 10% during pregnancy, 10% to 15% during delivery, and 5% to 20% during breast feeding (4-5). In 2009, 53% of HIV-infected pregnant women worldwide received antiretroviral (ARV)

Prevention of mother to child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PMTCT) has been a documented burden on HIV infected expectant mothers and their infants and nowhere is such a burden more felt than in areas with limited resources – particularly in low income countries and communities (3,4). Once a woman becomes pregnant, HIV screening is strongly recommended. Upon screening and being identified as HIV positive, it is advised that the mother begin a lifetime regime of antiretroviral therapy (ART), as without ART, HIV transmission from mother to child is between 15% - 45% (3,4). The prophylactic use of ART in the prenatal and postpartum stages is crucial in preventing transmission of the virus from mother to child during labour and while breastfeeding (11). It is also crucial that the newborn be treated with ART for at least six weeks or longer if the infant is being breastfed (11).

HIV damages the immune system and destroys the body 's CD4 T lymphocytes (T cells), one of many types of white blood cells the body uses to fight disease. T cells help the immune system "identify" foreign organisms that should be attacked. Thus, when the T cells are destroyed, it 's like being defended by a leaderless army that is easily defeated.