The Devonian Era

Precambrian time is where things began to grow and form becoming an organism or recording earth’s history. Precambrian is the time of Bacteria and mechanisms such as plate tectonics. Also the formation of oceans and the atmosphere.

The Cretaceous Period had a similar climate to the Jurassic, warm. The geography, however, was changed a drastic amount from the previous period. The Earth had very high sea levels at this time due to the lack of polar ice caps. The supercontinents Laurasia and Gondwana were breaking apart into the continents that are the same in the present day. Although the continents were the same, they did not yet look exactly the same. The continents will be further shaped by volcanic activity and tectonic plate activity. The shaping of the modern era was under way.

Atmosphere In Mesozoic era, there were only two continents present in the world. Mesozoic era’s climate compares to the Paleozoic era is more uniform and there were no trace of glacial isotopes observed in that period. That is because of the

The creation of the Ring of Fire is very interesting too, it is the result of plate tectonics. These are huge slabs of Earth’s crust that fit together like the pieces of a puzzle. These plates can collide, stay apart, or move up right next to each other. The convergent plate boundaries are formed by plates colliding into each other. The heavier plates slide under the lighter plates causing a deep trench in the ocean floor, as we talked about earlier. If you went down into the ocean you’d be able to see a bunch of trenches in the ocean floor running parallel to corresponding volcanic arcs like the Ring of Fire. This allows islands and continental mountain ranges to be created. A divergent boundary is formed by

Shifts along the Eurasian and North American on the convergent boundary were thought to be the cause of the earthquake.

Cambrian life Explosion of Invertebrate Life During the Cambrian Period there was an explosion of life forms. Most of these were in the water. Many animals with no backbones lived in the shallow seas. These animals were invertebrates.

Hildebrand (2009, 2013) proposed that western North America was a In addition, per my knowledge none of the western US geologists have documented passive margin deposits as young as of upper Paleozoic age or younger. Therefore, Hildebrand (2009, 2013) hypothesis faces deficiency to explain the thrusting of Roberts Mountain and the emplacement of the Proterozoic rocks over the rocks of Lower Paleozoic age.

The Jurassic Period is a time period were new dinosaurs were being discovered and found. It was about 199.6 to 145.5 million years ago. Some of the species that were found in the Jurassic Period are the Stegosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Brachiosaurus, and Allosaurus. Each dinosaur had their own characteristics for survival.

Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that attempts to explain the movements of the Earth's lithosphere that have formed the landscape features we see across the globe today” (Briney). Geology defines “plate” as a large slab of solid rock, and “tectonics” is part of the Greek root word for “to build.” Together the words define how the Earth’s surface is built up of moving plates. The theory of plate tectonics dictates that individual plates, broken down into large and small sections of rock, form Earth’s lithosphere. These fragmented bodies of rock move along each other atop the Earth’s liquid lower mantle to create the plate boundaries that have shaped Earth’s landscape. Plate tectonics originated from meteorologist Alfred Wegener’s theory, developed in the early 20th century. In 1912, he realized that the east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa appeared to piece together like a jigsaw puzzle. He further examined the globe and deduced that all of Earth’s continents could somehow be assembled together and proposed the idea that the continents had once been linked in a single supercontinent called Pangaea. To explain today’s position of the continents, Wegener theorized that they began to drift apart approximately 300 million years ago. This theory

The Appalachian Mountains were formed an estimated 480 million years ago, being one of the first plate collisions constructing the supercontinent Pangea. During the Paleozoic Era, the region was submerged, layers of sediment and carbonate rock began to form on top of the already submerging sea bottom. In the Ordovician Period, the Appalachian passive margin evolved into a plate boundary when another plate collided with and sank the North American plate, creating the Appalachians. The Mountains continued to form as volcanoes grew, plate collisions, all while the supercontinent formed. Pangea began its separation 220 million years ago, halting the creation of many mountain ranges. The Appalachian Mountains had almost flattened completely out,

These Paleozoic rocks are steeply plunging sandstones and siltstones, with a little event of limestone at Lilydale - the Early Devonian Lilydale Limestone. The Silurian rocks were stored in profound water, while the Devonian rocks, which are exceptionally fossiliferous, appear to have been stored in shallower water. These Silurian and Devonian rocks were folded into a progression of anticlines

This geologic data has shown that the basin contains sedimentary rocks of Late Cambrian to the Tertiary age, and is more than 15,000 feet thick. The depo-center of the Williston Basin started its development during the early Paleozoic era in the northwestern part of North Dakota. The sedimentary rock thickness decreases to less than 10,000 feet in eastern Montana and to less than 5000 feet along the basin margin (Peterson & MacCary, 2009). Carbonate deposition occurred throughout the area during the early to middle Paleozoic era and changed to clastic deposition in the late Paleozoic era. During the Paleozoic era, more than 8000 feet of marine sediments accumulated at the basin center, but the shape of the basin remained the same. The basin depo-center has however shifted slightly over time. The Williston Basin sedimentation in the lower and middle Paleozoic is dominated by carbonates and evaporates, whereas upper Paleozoic and younger rocks are largely siliciclastic with small admixtures of carbonate (Anderson & Gerhard,

movement was felt as far away as South Carolina and Massachusetts to the east, Louisiana to the south and Canada to the north. The Midwest also underwent “a complete cycle of continental rifting, ocean opening and collision that created the Ouachita orogenic system” as North America was created during the late Proterozoic and Paleozoic. This cycle created the Arkansas-Oklahoma Ouachitas and Arbuckle (Oklahoma) mountain ranges (Aber, 2003).

Towards the center of the period the atmosphere ended up hotter and milder, the ice sheets subsided, and the mainland insides wound up drier. A significant part of the inside of Pangea was presumably bone-dry, with incredible regular vacillations (wet and dry seasons), due to absence of the directing impact of close-by waterways. This drying inclination proceeded through to the late Permian, alongside substituting warming and cooling

The Cambrian era was over 500 million years ago, according to many scientists’ studies. It got it’s name “Cambrian” from the Roman word Cambria which acts as a name for