The Differences And Functions Of Public And Public Private Partnerships

Design is defined by Webster as “to create, fashion, execute, or construct according to plan; to conceive and plan out in the mind; to have as a purpose; to devise for a specific function or end; to conceive or execute a plan; or to draw, lay out, or prepare a design.”

Privatization (outsourcing) is the process of transferring ownership of property or business from a government to a privately owned entity. Privatization is an ongoing trend in many parts of the developed and developing world. It conjures both positive and negative emotions within the corporate arena as well as often ignite as much heat as light within an education discussion. Proponents of privatization maintain that the competition in the private sector fosters more efficient practices, which eventually yield better service and products, lower prices and less corruption. On the other hand, critics of privatization argue that some services should be in the public sector to enable greater control and ensure more equitable access.

It is common practice now for governments to contract with private companies for services which were traditionally under public administration. As a general concept, administrative law regulates public bureaucracy while private bureaucracies are subject to other private law areas such as torts or contract law.

Public Private Partnership or PPP is a subject being given the increasing attention that it has been receiving in context of the sweeping changes in India's economic policies. We are all aware, along with the dismantling of the license permit raj a greater role is envisaged for the private sector in these new policies. Now it seems that, the private sector is not only to be facilitated in its growth, but there it can be taken on board as a partner by the government in the provision of public services. This of course, is the purpose of PPP. For those of us who have had a long innings in Government, such thinking represents a paradigm shift from the way things were always done.

There two main means of providing and producing public services in the United States at the different levels of government. The first mode is knows as in-house production by direct government workforce and contracting out to the private sector, which we refer to as privatization.

The public sector is owned and operated by the Government, and exists to provide non-profit services for its citizens (privacysense). The main aim of the public sector is to provide value for money for taxpayers and other stakeholders defined as “the most advantageous combination of cost, quality and sustainability to meet customer requirements” (finance-ni.gov.uk). It is essential that management of public sector organisations realise the importance of providing good quality information, in order to facilitate effective decision making, efficient performance measurement and provide assurances as to good value for the taxpayer (nao.org.uk). The public sector in the UK is a significant portion of the overall economy and includes the delivery of essential services including: National Health Service, Education, Police, and Military.

Engineers adapt engineering design process to plan as well as consider different relevant variables in different design stages in order to create a pragmatic product. Also, according to Ertas (1996), the engineering design is defined as the decision making process in different scientific ways to meet desired needs within stated objectives. A good designer who should take into account in different design issues and relevant factors during the process of engineering design which can help to put concepts and ideas into products in effective ways.

A design is a plan or a sketch produced to show the function or the workings of a specific space which are made before constructing or applying the product. (Farlex)

For years, public schools and private entities, such as religious-based schools and textbook manufacturers, through Private-Public Partnerships (PPP) have worked hand-in-hand to provide educational services (Brewer and Picus, 2014, p. 583). Regarded as a means to improve efficiency, equity, and effectiveness, privately controlled education providers have become more visible in recent years. As the demand for specialized and higher quality educational opportunities has changed, privatization has become a means to fill the void and provide services and resources not available or offered in the public school setting. The demand, however, is not limited to primary and secondary schools. Institutions of higher education have also become more specialized in their program offerings. Commercials advertising flexible online degree programs, credits earned for life and work experience, and shorter degree programs are evidence of the market reflecting the changing needs and wants of the consumer.

The study is an attempt to view Public Private Partnership model from a new dimension of “Privatization”. The features of Public Private Partnership differ from project to project. However, the basic concept of Public Private Partnership signifies private involvement in providing public services which is the fundamental principle of “Privatization” as well. The difference between the two lies in the degree of private involvement in the project. Therefore the usage of the two terms can be viewed as a language game. The paper tries to bring out the similarities and differences between the two terms by concentrating on the Mangalore city Corporation case of Privatization of water and PPP in installation and maintenance of street lights.

The government at that time, did institute a plan for privatisation. The PMP did define its objectives clearly; it also identified the activities that were to be privatised. The PMP did rank the priority by which projects were to be privatised, indicating those that were of national importance. PAP was instead, concerned with the different categories of activities to be privatised and the methods for restructuring non-profitable companies. This document also outlined the stages in the implementation of

Tianjin Plastics were undertaken as project finance ventures. Project financing is a way in which large standalone investments may be financed from their own assets and cash flows, without recourse from the assets of the equity holders themselves. Project financing is the primary method was taking for the massive infrastructure investment throughout many places such as China, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and other emerging economies. However, despite that the complexity of project finance (because they were detailed agreements that require thousands of pages of documentation), was extremely uncomfortable with the problems posed by the Tianjin proposal.

When we examine public sector versus private sector, plenty of differences come to mind. In defining each, we learn a private sector in an economy consist of all businesses and firms owned by ordinary members of the general public. It also consists of all the private households in which people live. The public sector in an economy is owned and controlled by a government. It consist of government businesses and firms and goods and services provided by the government such as the national health service, state

　　Since the early 1980s, however, private-sector financing of large infrastructure investments has experienced a dramatic revival. And, in recent years, such private funding has increasingly taken the form of project finance. The principal features of such project financings have been the

Private sector delivers services and infrastructure in various ways by doing privatisation in which both ownership and risk transferred to the private sector, to conventional procurement models where the Government contracts with the private sector for specific packages of works or services. Till now (in traditional model) government was only responsible for all risk and procurement, but now government have lunched some skims which empowers the infrastructure form private sector.